Современные методы регистрации и учета дефектов оборудования на нефтеперекачивающих станциях, применяемые с целью повышения точности планирования ремонтных работ

Выбор и обоснование методов регистрации и учета дефектов оборудования на НПС с целью повышения надежности при эксплуатации.Advanced defect detection techniques applied to increase the accuracy of repair planning at oil pump stations

Increased peri-ductal collagen micro-organization may contribute to raised mammographic density

BACKGROUND: High mammographic density is a therapeutically modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Although mammographic density is correlated with the relative abundance of collagen-rich fibroglandular tissue, the causative mechanisms, associated structural remodelling and mechanical consequences remain poorly defined. In this study we have developed a new collaborative bedside-to-bench workflow to determine the relationship between mammographic density, collagen abundance and alignment, tissue stiffness and the expression of extracellular matrix organising proteins. METHODS: Mammographic density was assessed in 22 post-menopausal women (aged 54–66 y). A radiologist and a pathologist identified and excised regions of elevated non-cancerous X-ray density prior to laboratory characterization. Collagen abundance was determined by both Masson’s trichrome and Picrosirius red staining (which enhances collagen birefringence when viewed under polarised light). The structural specificity of these collagen visualisation methods was determined by comparing the relative birefringence and ultrastructure (visualised by atomic force microscopy) of unaligned collagen I fibrils in reconstituted gels with the highly aligned collagen fibrils in rat tail tendon. Localised collagen fibril organisation and stiffness was also evaluated in tissue sections by atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy and the abundance of key extracellular proteins was assessed using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Mammographic density was positively correlated with the abundance of aligned periductal fibrils rather than with the abundance of amorphous collagen. Compared with matched tissue resected from the breasts of low mammographic density patients, the highly birefringent tissue in mammographically dense breasts was both significantly stiffer and characterised by large (>80 μm long) fibrillar collagen bundles. Subsequent proteomic analyses not only confirmed the absence of collagen fibrosis in high mammographic density tissue, but additionally identified the up-regulation of periostin and collagen XVI (regulators of collagen fibril structure and architecture) as potential mediators of localised mechanical stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that remodelling, and hence stiffening, of the existing stromal collagen microarchitecture promotes high mammographic density within the breast. In turn, this aberrant mechanical environment may trigger neoplasia-associated mechanotransduction pathways within the epithelial cell population. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0664-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Interactive Level-of-Detail Visualization of 3D-Polarized Light Imaging Data Using Spherical Harmonics

3D-Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) provides data that enables an exploration of brain fibers at very high resolution. However,the visualization poses several challenges. Beside the huge data set sizes, users have to visually perceive the pure amountof information which might be, among other aspects, inhibited for inner structures because of occlusion by outer layers ofthe brain. We propose a clustering of fiber directions by means of spherical harmonics using a level-of-detail structure bywhich the user can interactively choose a clustering degree according to the zoom level or details required. Furthermore, theclustering method can be used for the automatic grouping of similar spherical harmonics automatically into one representative.An optional overlay with a direct vector visualization of the 3D-PLI data provides a better anatomical context

ELASTIC REGISTRATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION 3D PLI DATA OF THE HUMAN BRAIN

We introduce a new approach for the elastic registration ofhigh-resolution 3D polarized light imaging (3D PLI) data ofhistological sections of the human brain. For accurate regis-tration of different types of 3D PLI modalities, we proposea novel intensity similarity measure that is based on a least-squares formulation of normalized cross-correlation. More-over, we present a fully automatic registration pipeline forrigid and elastic registration of high-resolution 3D PLI imageswith a blockface reference including a preprocessing step. Wehave successfully evaluated our approach using manually ob-tained ground truth for five sections of a human brain and ex-perimentally compared it with previous approaches. We alsopresent experimental results for 60 brain sections