Systematic Development of Trans-Theoretically Based Behavioral Risk Management Programs

The authors explain the development and use of a behavioral Risk management strategy. It is designed for developing interventions to change behaviors, e.g., to lower the Risk of AIDS. The advantage of their strategy is said to be its structure combined with flexibility. Intervenors are not restricted to a single model in determining factors most relevant to changing Risky behavior

Judicial Discretion and the Sunk Costs Strategy of Government Agencies

When a government agency, during the construction of a public works project, has violated a statute, a court may be hesitant to issue an injunction because of the potential “waste” of public funds that have already been spent. Knowing this, agencies may engage in a “sunk costs” strategy while a decision on enjoining the project is looming—continuing to invest money in the project, often at an increased rate, in order to gain advantage in the equitable balancing used to evaluate the necessity for an injunction. An increase in the amount of irrecoverable public funds invested in furtherance of a statutory violation may tilt the judge’s balancing in the agency’s favor. This Note addresses this sunk costs strategy and concludes that, in light of traditional equitable jurisprudence, the money spent by an agency to take advantage of this balancing cannot be included in the balancing process

Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154100/1/cole-partnership1994.pd

North Dakota Crop Production Economics in 1991

Production Economics,

Federal and California emission control attainment and future engine technology

Chevron Research Technology Company, Richmond, Calif.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/987/2/89314.0001.001.pd

University of Michigan Delphi forecast and analysis of the U.S. automotive industry through 1992 - Delphi III

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/219/2/70082.0001.001.pd

DELPHI IX: forecast and analysis of the North American automotive industry. Volume 2: technology

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/1236/2/91190.0001.001.pd

Immune cell census in murine atherosclerosis: cytometry by time of flight illuminates vascular myeloid cell diversity

Aims: Atherosclerosis is characterised by the abundant infiltration of myeloid cells starting at early stages of disease. Myeloid cells are key players in vascular immunity during atherogenesis. However, the subsets of vascular myeloid cells have eluded resolution due to shared marker expression and atypical heterogeneity in vascular tissues. We applied the high-dimensionality of mass cytometry to the study of myeloid cell subsets in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a chow or a high fat (western) diet for 12 weeks. Single cell aortic preparations were probed with a panel of 35 metal-conjugated antibodies using Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). Clustering of marker expression on live CD45+ cells from the aortas of ApoE-/- mice identified 13 broad populations of leucocytes. Monocyte, macrophage, type 1 and type 2 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1 and cDC2), plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), neutrophil, eosinophil, B cell, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell, γδ T cell, natural killer (NK) cell and innate lymphoid (ILC) cell populations accounted for approximately 95% of the live CD45+ aortic cells. Automated clustering algorithms applied to the Lin-CD11blo-hi cells revealed 20 clusters of myeloid cells. Comparison between chow and high fat fed animals revealed increases in monocytes (both Ly6C+ and Ly6C-), pDC and a CD11c+ macrophage subset with high fat feeding. Concomitantly, the proportions of CD206+ CD169+ subsets of macrophages were significantly reduced as were cDC2. Conclusions: A CyTOF-based comprehensive mapping of the immune cell subsets within atherosclerotic aortas from ApoE-/- mice offers tools for myeloid cell discrimination within the vascular compartment and it reveals that high fat feeding skews the myeloid cell repertoire towards inflammatory monocyte-macrophage populations rather than resident macrophage phenotypes and cDC2 during atherogenesis

Competition in the 1990s

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154101/1/cole-competition1994.pd