The Canadian National Bibliography: 50 years of continuity and change

It is a pleasure for me to be here today to share with you the celebration of the 50 th anniversary of Canadiana, Canada’s national bibliography. I speak on behalf of all of my colleagues at the National Library of Canada in saying we are proud of our bibliographic heritage and it is an honour for me to be the person having this opportunity to tell you about the creation and evolution of our national bibliography and some of our hopes for its future. The theme of our session today asks a question: Is bibliography indispensable or redundant? Certainly, in the early days of Canada’s history, there was no question as to the need for bibliographic services. Our first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, identified the need for a national library not long after the country was created in 1867. Throughout the decades of the first half of the 20 th century, librarians and researchers repeatedly lobbied the Government of Canada to provide two essential services: bibliographic control of Canadian publications and identification and location of these resources for loan. Given the other more pressing priorities in the years immediately following the second world war, it is a tribute to the government of the day that it approved the creation in 1950 of the Canadian Bibliographic Centre to compile and publish a national bibliography and to create and maintain a national union catalogue

La bibliographie nationale du Canada [The Canadian National Bibliography: 50 years of continuity and change]

Il me fait plaisir d’être ici aujourd’hui afin de partager avec vous les célébrations du 50 e anniversaire de Canadiana, la bibliographie nationale du Canada. Au nom de tous mes collègues de la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, je puis vous dire que nous sommes tous fiers de notre patrimoine bibliographique et c’est un honneur pour moi d’être la personne qui vous parlera de la création et de l’évolution de notre bibliographie nationale et des espoirs que nous entretenons pour son avenir. Le thème de la session d’aujourd’hui tourne autour d’une question: Les bibliographies sont-elles indispensables ou redondantes? Au tout début de l’histoire du Canada il est certain que les services bibliographiques étaient nécessaires. Notre premier Premier ministre, Sir John A. Macdonald, a parlé de la nécessité d’une bibliothèque nationale peu de temps après la création du Canada en 1867. Durant les décennies de la première moitié du 20 e siècle, à maintes reprises, les bibliothécaires et les chercheurs ont demandé au gouvernement du Canada d’offrir deux services bibliographiques essentiels: le contrôle bibliographique des publications canadiennes, de même que l’identification et la localisation de ces ressources aux fins de prêt. Étant donné les priorités beaucoup plus pressantes de la période suivant la Deuxième guerre mondiale, nous rendons hommage au gouvernement de l’époque d’avoir approuvé la création, en 1950, du Centre bibliographiqu

The clinical significance of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations in the UK LRF CLL4 trial

NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations have been previously reported to have prognostic significance in CLL but to datethey have not been validated in a prospective, controlled clinical trial. We have assessed the impact of thesemutations in a cohort of 494 patients treated within the randomized phase III UK LRF CLL4 trial that comparedchlorambucil and fludarabine with and without cyclophosphamide in previously untreated patients. Weinvestigated the relationship of mutations in NOTCH1 (exon 34) and SF3B1 (exon 14-16) to treatment response,survival and a panel of established biological variables. NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations were found in 10 and 17% ofpatients, respectively. NOTCH1 mutations correlated with unmutated IGHV genes, trisomy 12, high CD38/ ZAP-70expression and were associated with reduced overall (median 54.8 vs 74.6mths, P=0.02) and progression-free(median 22.0 vs. 26.4mths, P=0.02) survival. SF3B1 mutations were significantly associated with high CD38expression and with shorter overall survival (median 54.3 vs. 79.0mths, P<0.001). Furthermore, multivariateanalysis, including baseline clinical variables, treatment and adverse prognostic factors demonstrated that whileTP53 alterations remained the most informative marker of dismal survival in this cohort, NOTCH1 (HR 1.58, P=0.03)and SF3B1 (HR 1.52, P=0.01) mutations have added independent prognostic value

The implications of globalisation for the ECB monetary policy strategy

This paper assesses how globalisation has shaped the economic environment in which the ECB operates and discusses whether this warrants adjustments to the monetary policy strategy. The paper first looks at how trade and financial integration have evolved since the last strategy review in 2003. It then examines the effects of these developments on global productivity growth, the natural interest rate (r*), inflation trends and monetary transmission. While trade globalisation initially boosted productivity growth, this effect may be waning as trade integration slows and market contestability promotes a winner-takes-all environment. The impact of globalisation on r* has been ambiguous: downward pressures, fuelled by global demand for safe assets and an increase in the propensity to save against a background of rising inequality, are counteracted by upward pressures, from the boost to global productivity associated with greater trade integration. Headline inflation rates have become more synchronised globally, largely because commodity prices are increasingly determined by global factors. Meanwhile, core inflation rates show a lower degree of commonality. Globalisation has made a rather modest contribution to the synchronised fall in trend inflation across countries and contributed only moderately to the reduction in the responsiveness of inflation to changes in activity. Regarding monetary transmission, globalisation has made the role of the exchange rate more complex by introducing new mechanisms through which it affects financial conditions, real activity and price dynamics. Against the background of this discussion, the paper then examines the implications for the ECB’s monetary policy strategy. In doing so, it asks two questions. How is the ECB’s economic and monetary analysis affected by globalisation? And how does globalisation influence the choice of the ECB’s monetary policy objective and instruments