Pet Food Protector

food consumption while keeping each pet separate from the others. The device will detect a certain pet, using a transmitter and receiver that would be on the collar of the pet and in the device itself, and enable them to access their specific food by way of an opening and closing lid. If the pet leaves the area, the food is no longer accessible. The device will also track the amount of food consumed and regulate how much food should be consumed in a given amount of time. This will allow owners to feed their pets without worrying about overeating or a pet consuming the wrong food

Osmotrophy of dissolved organic carbon by coccolithophores in darkness

• The evolutionary and ecological story of coccolithophores poses questions about their heterotrophy, surviving darkness after the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact as well as survival in the deep ocean twilight zone. Uptake of dissolved organic carbon might be an alternative nutritional strategy for supply of energy and carbon molecules. • Using long-term batch culture experiments, we examined coccolithophore growth and maintenance on organic compounds in darkness. Radiolabeled experiments were performed to study the uptake kinetics. Pulse-chase experiments were used to examine the uptake into unassimilated, exchangeable pools versus assimilated, non-exchangeable pools. • We found that coccolithophores were able to survive and maintain their metabolism for up to 30 days in darkness, accomplishing about one cell division. The concentration dependence for uptake was similar to the concentration dependence for growth in Cruciplacolithus neochelis, suggesting that it was taking up carbon compounds and immediately incorporating them into biomass. We recorded net incorporation of radioactivity into the particulate inorganic fraction. • We conclude that osmotrophy provides nutritional flexibility and supports long-term survival in light levels well below threshold for photosynthesis. The incorporation of dissolved organic matter into particulate inorganic carbon, raises fundamental questions about the role of the alkalinity pump and the alkalinity balance in the sea

Forced to Conform? Using Common Processes and Standards to Create Effective eLearning

Abstract: Working on multiple large-scale eLearning projects forces teams to try and standardise processes and procedures. Tools such as XML allow us to manipulate and exploit content in ways previously impossible. However, no academic from any discipline likes to imagine that their content is standard. And terms such as 'reuse' and 'repurposing' make academics even less comfortable. And perhaps they are right. This article describes a formalised development methodology created by one eLearning development team based at the University of Oxford, designed as a generic system flexible enough to cope with a wide range of subjects and audiences. This paper will also set this development process in the broader world of academic eLearning development across the disciplines, looking especially at the role of standards to consider future directions and the applicability of any development methodology to wider learning development contexts.Editors: Stuart Lee

MicroFedML: Privacy Preserving Federated Learning for Small Weights

Secure aggregation on user private data with the aid of an entrusted server provides strong privacy guarantees and has been well-studied in the context of privacy-preserving federated learning. An important problem in privacy-preserving federated learning with user constrained computation and wireless network resources is the computation and communication overhead which wastes bandwidth, increases training time, and can even impacts the model accuracy if many users drop out. The seminal work of Bonawitz et al. and the work of Bell et al. have constructed secure aggregation protocols for a very large number of users which handle dropout users in a federated learning setting. However, these works suffer from high round complexity (referred to as the number of times the users exchange messages with the server) and overhead in every training iteration. In this work, we propose and implement MicroFedML, a new secure aggregation system with lower round complexity and computation overhead per training iteration. MicroFedML reduces the computational burden by at least 100 orders of magnitude for 500 users (or more depending on the number of users) and the message size by 50 times compared to prior work. Our system is suitable and performs its best when the input domain is not too large, i.e., small model weights. Notable examples include gradient sparsification, quantization, and weight regularization in federated learning

Coccolithophore counts from polarized microscopy birefringence measurements of samples collected in the Northwest Atlantic during R/V Endeavor cruise EN616 in July 2018

Dataset: Coccolithophore birefringence from polarized microscopyThis dataset presents polarized microscopy-derived concentration data for coccolithophores and detached coccoliths in samples collected from stations in the Northwest Atlantic during R/V Endeavor cruise EN616 in July 2018. Counts are based on image analysis of dark-field, cross-polarized views of filtered particulate matter. These counts take advantage of the birefringence property of calcium carbonate (particulate inorganic carbon) that it rotates the plane of linearly polarized incident light by 90 degrees. Incident light directed upwards, towards the microscope slide, is polarized 90 degrees with a linear polarizer. Particles are viewed from above the slide, through a second, linear polarizer filter held between the microscope stage and the camera which only accepts light that is polarized orthogonal to the lower polarizer. Calcium carbonate particles in the beam appear as bright dots of light. Image analysis software then analyzes the pattern of birefringence and enumerates only those particles with size and shape of coccolithophores or detached coccoliths. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/887863NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-163574

Tight regulation of unstructured proteins: from transcript synthesis to protein degradation

Altered abundance of several intrinsically unstructured proteins ( IUPs) has been associated with perturbed cellular signaling that may lead to pathological conditions such as cancer. Therefore, it is important to understand how cells precisely regulate the availability of IUPs. We observed that regulation of transcript clearance, proteolytic degradation, and translational rate contribute to controlling the abundance of IUPs, some of which are present in low amounts and for short periods of time. Abundant phosphorylation and low stochasticity in transcription and translation indicate that the availability of IUPs can be finely tuned. Fidelity in signaling may require that most IUPs be available in appropriate amounts and not present longer than needed.Royal Society; MRC Special Training Fellowship; Medical Research Council [MC_U105161047, MC_U105185859, G0600158]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio