the geography of inter-war (1919-39) residential areas on Tyneside: a study of residential growth, and the present condition and use of property

The work is divided into two sections. Section I examines the process of residential growth on Tyneside in the inter-war years by concentrating attention on the factors which determined the form and extent of development in both the private and the public sector. Through detailed case studies and generalised analysis, an examination is made of housing need over the period, and the influence of architectural and planning ideals and economic conditions; in this way information is provided on the characteristics of inter-war dwellings, the conditions under which they were constructed and the processes by which they were developed. Section II makes an examination of the present condition and use of inter-war Council property, and attempts to determine its suitability for habitation in the latter half of the 20th Century, In so doing, it considers(1) the maintenance operations of Local Authorities and the levels of expenditure over the life of the property.(2) the standard of accommodation which the property provides. No attempt is made to examine the suitability of the residential environment, but attention is focussed upon the use of property and, basing evidence on housewives' judgement, the standard of amenity which it provides. Further studies of household maintenance operations and satisfaction levels reveal additional details of the social adequacy of the accommodation and the work concludes with an examination of(1) the scope for modernisation(2) the modernisation schemes of Local Authorities(3) the cost of modernisation to the Authority

Estimating HIV Medication Adherence and Persistence: Two Instruments for Clinical and Research Use

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires lifelong daily oral therapy. While patient characteristics associated with suboptimal ART adherence and persistence have been described in cohorts of HIV-infected persons, these factors are poor predictors of individual medication taking behaviors. We aimed to create and test instruments for the estimation of future ART adherence and persistence for clinical and research applications. Following formative work, a battery of 148 items broadly related to HIV infection and treatment was developed and administered to 181 HIV-infected patients. ART adherence and persistence were assessed using electronic monitoring for 3 months. Perceived confidence in medication taking and self-reported barriers to adherence were strongest in predicting non-adherence over time. Barriers to adherence (e.g., affordability, scheduling) were the strongest predictors of non-adherence, as well as 3- and 7-day non-persistence. A ten-item battery for prediction of these outcomes (www.med.unc.edu/ncaidstraining/adherence/for-providers) and a 30-item battery reflective of underlying psychological constructs can help identify and study individuals at risk for suboptimal ART adherence and persistence

Approaches to Sex Education: Peer-Led or Teacher-Led?

David Ross discusses a new study of school-based peer-led sex education in London and whether it reduced unintended teenage pregnancy

Populations and determinants of airborne fungi in large office buildings

Bioaerosol concentrations in office environments and their roles in causing building-related symptoms have drawn much attention in recent years. Most bioaerosol studies have been cross-sectional. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the characteristics of airborne fungal populations and correlations with other environmental parameters in office environments. We investigated four office buildings in Boston, Massachusetts, during 1 year beginning May 1997, recruiting 21 offices with open workstations. We conducted intensive bioaerosol sampling every 6 weeks resulting in 10 sets of measurement events at each workstation, and recorded relative humidity, temperature, and CO2 concentrations continuously. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify groups of culturable fungal taxa that covaried in air. Four major groupings (PCA factors) were derived where the fungal taxa in the same groupings shared similar ecological requirements. Total airborne fungal concentrations varied significantly by season (highest in summer, lowest in winter) and were positively correlated with relative humidity and negatively related to CO2 concentrations. The first and second PCA factors had similar correlations with environmental variables compared with total fungi. The results of this study provide essential information on the variability within airborne fungal populations in office environments over time. These data also provide background against which cross-sectional data can be compared to facilitate interpretation. More studies are needed to correlate airborne fungi and occupants' health, controlling for seasonal effects and other important environmental factors

Two Distant Halo Velocity Groups Discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory

We report the discovery of two new halo velocity groups (Cancer groups A and B) traced by 8 distant RR Lyrae stars and observed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) survey at R.A.~129°, Dec~20° (l~205°, b~32°). Located at 92 kpc from the Galactic center (86 kpc from the Sun), these are some of the most distant substructures in the Galactic halo known to date. Follow-up spectroscopic observations with the Palomar Observatory 5.1-m Hale telescope and W. M. Keck Observatory 10-m Keck I telescope indicate that the two groups are moving away from the Galaxy at v_(gsr) = 78.0+-5.6 km s^(-1) (Cancer group A) and v_(gsr) = 16.3+-7.1 km s^(-1) (Cancer group B). The groups have velocity dispersions of σ_(v_)gsr))=12.4+-5.0 km s^(-1) and σ _(v_(gsr))=14.9+-6.2 km s^(-1), and are spatially extended (about several kpc) making it very unlikely that they are bound systems, and are more likely to be debris of tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies or globular clusters. Both groups are metal-poor (median metallicities of [Fe/H]^A = -1.6 dex and [Fe/H]^B =-2.1 dex), and have a somewhat uncertain (due to small sample size) metallicity dispersion of ~0.4 dex, suggesting dwarf galaxies as progenitors. Two additional RR Lyrae stars with velocities consistent with those of the Cancer groups have been observed ~25 ° east, suggesting possible extension of the groups in that direction

The harmonious entrepreneurship online global student competition: an example of meaningful extracurricular entrepreneurship education

This chapter presents the findings of an extracurricular online beta test of a competition between students of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David and the International University of Malaya-Wales. The competition is intended to promote the concept of harmonious entrepreneurship and the creation of student-led harmonious enterprises that address the global sustainability chal lenge and deliver a triple bottom line in which proft, people, and planet are in harmony. It reveals that extracurricular learning can attract students from disciplines other than business and can educate the participants, both staff and students, not just about harmonious entrepreneurship but also how to identify and launch an innovative harmonious enterprise that addresses a sustainability challenge. The test identifies how the competition may be improved prior to its global launch and makes recommendations for students, educators, mentors, providers, and universities as to how it might best be implemented. Once revised and launched the competition will be further tested to better understand how extracurricular learning can help advance the delivery of both entrepreneurship and sustainability education in universities and colleges around the globe

The need for a new entrepreneurship paradigm to address the issue of inequality

In their article on Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship, Hall et al (2010, 446) make the point that “much of the work to date in the entrepreneurship field has an implicit assumption that entrepreneurship only leads to positive outcomes for society” and question the conditions under which entrepreneurship is welfare creating rather than welfare destroying. In our chapter in the ICSB’s 2024 Annual Global Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Report, Felicity and I address this with respect to the inequalities (SDG 10) that entrepreneurship has tended to create in “impoverished communities within developing and emerging economies” (op.cit). We provide examples of MSMEs that are addressing this issue and propose the need for a new Harmonious Entrepreneurship paradigm that does not see inequality as an inevitable consequence of entrepreneurship as Isenberg (2014) has contended

Welsh harmonious treasures/Trysorau cytûn Cymreig

A holistic systems-thinking approach to entrepreneurship Ymagwedd gyfannol at entrepreneuriaeth wrth feddwl drwy systemau Harmonious Entrepreneurship Ltd is a university spinout company based at S4C’s Yr Egin, at the University of Wales Trinity St David's Carmarthen campus. We promote a novel concept developed specifically to address the sustainability challenge. Our approach views the planet as a system and encourages the formation of businesses with a triple bottom line—ensuring harmony among profit, planet, and people. Mae Harmonious Entrepreneurship Ltd yn gwmni deillio prifysgol sydd wedi’i leoli yn Yr Egin ar S4C, ar gampws Caerfyrddin Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant (PCYDDS). Rydym yn hyrwyddo cysyniad newydd a ddatblygwyd yn benodol i fynd i'r afael â'r her cynaliadwyedd. Mae ein hymagwedd yn ystyried y blaned fel system ac yn annog ffurfio busnesau sydd â llinell waelod driphlyg - gan sicrhau cytgord rhwng elw, planed a phobl