The transition out of education and the initial steps into the labour market in the European Union

The general aim of this research is the study of transitions from education and into the labour market among youths under a simultaneous framework in order to control for the interdependency of such relevant events. An extended version of the human capital model has been applied using the European Community Household Panel. The empirical strategy has aimed at reflecting the independent and simultaneous determination of both labour market and education transitions. Results show that the expected labour market outcomes do not significantly contribute to explain demand for education, other factors being more important. Finally, in the school-to-work transition, demand-side and institutional factors turn to be very important, education attainment effects being blurred by the nature of our sample (students in different points of their programmes).youth labour market ; human capital ; labour supply ; simultaneous decisions

JOB MOBILITY AND WAGE GROWTH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN SPAIN

The beginning of professional careers is often characterised by intensive job mobility, which may influence wage progression. In this study, we aim to measure the immediate impact of different types of job moves on subsequent hourly wages. We use the Spanish section of the European Community Household Panel and work on a sample of young adults. Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-differences are combined to disentangle the impact of long-term and short-term, direct and via unemployment, voluntary and involuntary and one-time and multiple job mobility on subsequent wages during the period 1995-2001. We observe a positive impact of both direct and voluntary moves and a non-scarring effect of involuntary moves, both via unemployment and multiple job moves, but long-term interruptions do have a negative impact on wages.job mobility, wage mobility, propensity score matching

Exploring the link between employment search time and reservation

In our piece of work we are facing a two-fold problem: on the one hand, we study the behaviour of young job seekers and the extent to which reservation wages and unemployment benefits play a relevant role in the transition into working life. On the other hand, we intend to find out whether the determinants of the job search process may also affect subsequent wages. We undertake an empirical approach combining one-step estimations with two-step instrumental variables techniques. The data used to this end come from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for the period 1995-2001. To be precise, the sub-sample gathers both male and female Southern European (Italian, Greek, Spanish and Portuguese) workers. From the results of the analysis important subtleties arise, particularly related to differences across countries.Transitions into work, unemployment benefits, reservation wages, earnings.

Exploring the link between employment search time and reservation wages in Southern Europe

In our piece of work we are facing a two-fold problem: on the one hand, we study the behaviour of job seekers and the extent to which reservation wages and unemployment benefits play a relevant role in the transition into working life. On the other hand, we intend to find out whether the determinants of the job search process may also affect subsequent wages.transiciones laborales, prestaciones por desempleo, salarios de reserva, ganancias,earnings, transitions into work, unemployment benefits, reservation wages.

The Impact of a Good Father Figure

Literature criticism essay

Mexican-American Literature Is American Literature

The main focus of this article is to show that teaching Mexican-American literature is an important part of teaching American literature, one that is often neglected. As of right now, Chicano Literature and American Literature are seen as two separate categories even though they are one in the same. Authors such as Rudolfo Anaya and Tomás Rivera allow readers insight into Mexican-American culture; the foundations they have set should be used in American Literature courses to help students view the wide variety that is American Literature, other than what the canon deems acceptable. Bless Me, Ultima, and …and the Earth Did Not Devour Him represent a part of literature and history that is left out of the canon. My paper addresses the lack of Mexican-American literature and history in the High school curriculum and how we can fill this gap with authors like Anaya and Rivera. Assimilation, identity, and communal voice are themes that will be examined, and used to express why these texts are important to incorporate within American literature. These novels should not be excluded from what we know as the canon and should not be put into an “other” category. The importance of including Chicano Literature into the high school curriculum is not only to help inform Mexican-American students of their past, but to inform everyone that there is more to American literature than what is being taught

Hobbies And Organized Activities: Correlates Of Participation And Relations With Psychosocial Adjustment Among Young Adolescent Girls

Recent research has linked participation in organized activities to better psychosocial adjustment in youth including academic achievement, increased peer competence, and better mental health (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006). Although such benefits have been reported among youth from various ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, lower-income and ethnic minority youth have less access to organized activities (Quane & Rankin, 2006). The current study is among the first to explore whether more accessible forms of activity engagement, hobbies, confer similar benefits. I examine involvement in organized activities and hobbies among a sample of urban, mostly African American (73%) youth. Results indicate that hobbies represent an important facet of young adolescent girls’ activity engagement that is distinct from engagement in organized activities. Unlike organized activity participation, hobby involvement was not related to family demographic risk or neighborhood problems indicating that they might be more accessible forms of activity engagement than organized activities. Additionally, greater involvement in both hobbies and organized activities were associated to aspects of positive psychosocial functioning. More involvement in organized activities was also related to less psychopathology. For youth with more contextual stressors, the associations between activity participation and adjustment were stronger. These findings are important in light of barriers to participation in organized activities among low-income, single-parent families. Attention to the benefits of hobbies warrants further investigation