Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis

Pregnancy-and lactation-associated osteoporosis is a rare syndrome of spontaneous fractures occurring in late pregnancy or lactation. Early diagnosis and management is essential, because of the severity of the morbidityassociated with these fractures. Prior to therapy, other reversible causes of osteoporosis should be excluded through adequate investigation. Treatment includes cessation of breastfeeding, the provision of adequate pain relief,and the use of specific osteoporosis drugs, preferably those with short-term bone retention. Although there is no persuasive evidence that calcium and vitamin D requirements increase during pregnancy or lactation comparedto the non-pregnant woman of childbearing age, it is advisable to ensure that women are vitamin D replete during pregnancy and lactation

Symmetries of Abelian Orbifolds

Using the Polya Enumeration Theorem, we count with particular attention to C^3/Gamma up to C^6/Gamma, abelian orbifolds in various dimensions which are invariant under cycles of the permutation group S_D. This produces a collection of multiplicative sequences, one for each cycle in the Cycle Index of the permutation group. A multiplicative sequence is controlled by its values on prime numbers and their pure powers. Therefore, we pay particular attention to orbifolds of the form C^D/Gamma where the order of Gamma is p^alpha. We propose a generalization of these sequences for any D and any p.Comment: 75 pages, 13 figures, 30 table