Environmental risk assessment studies on new plant protection products which have been elaborated from coniferous tree bark

ArticleNowadays there are still various chemical pesticides being applied in the course of ensuring plant protection. Since 2010, we have been working on the development of new, environmentally-friendly plant protection products which will provide an effective tool against pathogenic fungi and bacteria which cause disease in crop plants. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate a risk assessment for new plant protection products that have been elaborated on the basis of coniferous tree bark. Various products were tested which are extracted during the processing of wood bark from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Ethanol extracts were formulated and applied during these experiments. Two formulations, which showed anti-fungal activity in vitro and in field trials on fruit crops (involving strawberries and raspberries) were selected for the risk assessment studies. The impact was studied of formulation treatment on crop plants and soil biological activity, and the accumulation of residues of active substances in crop plants and soil. The application of new formulations did not show any negative effect on the chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll fluorescence of plant leaves. The results showed that pine and spruce bark extract formulations contain active compounds (coumaric acid, quercetin, epicatechin, and ferulic acid) within the range of 5.1–5.9 mg kg-1 and 11.1– 443.9 mg kg-1 respectively. The amount of active substances which were determined in most cases was higher in the spruce bark extract formulation when compared to the pine bark extract formulation. Our results confirmed the presence of active compounds – epicatechin, quercetin, and coumaric acid – in strawberry fruits which remained untreated and in those that were treated with spruce ethanol extract formulation. Untreated raspberry fruits contained all four active substances within the range of 81–5,300 µg kg-1. We observed a significant increase of coumaric acid and quercetin in raspberries after their having been treated with spruce bark extract formulation in a 2% concentration, P < 0.05, and did not find any negative impact for spruce bark extract formulations when used on soil microbial biomass

FUNKCIONALNO MESO PERADI OBOGAĆENO BIOLOŠKI AKTIVNIM TVARIMA IZ NEUTRALNIH EKSTRAKATA DOBIVENIH OD SMREKOVIH IGLICA

Neutral extractives of spruce needles were produced from forestry by-products: the green biomass of spruce needles. The extractes of spruce needles extract con¬tains a significant amount of natural biologically active substances. In the course of our investigations, the evaluation of biologically active substances obtained from neutral extracts of spruce needles was carried out to assess their effect on quality of broiler chicken meat. The feeding trial was conducted with broiler chickens of the cross ROOS – 308 by adding neutral extract of spruce needles in the form of loose powder to the com¬position of broiler chicken diet. It was found that the loose powder feed additives containing neutral extract of spruce needles (0.05% and 0.10% in pure substance) used to supplement the broiler feed improved the quality of poultry meat. The feed additives containing biologically active substances from spruce needles neutral ex¬tract involved in metabolic processes of the broiler chicken organism, increased the n – 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA) content in meat by 0.59 – 1.05% and the carotenoids’ content in liver by 1.46 – 1.70 mg kg -1, at the same time positively reducing the cholesterol level in meat by 17.18 – 26.16 mg 100 g-1 in comparison with the control group.Neutralni ekstrakti smrekovih iglica proizvedeni su iz smrekovih popratnih proizvoda, zelene biomase smrekovih iglica. Ekstrakti smrekovih iglica sadrže značajnu količinu prirodnih, biološki aktivnih tvari. U tijeku naših istraživanja procijenjene su biološki aktivne tvari dobivene iz neutralnih ekstrakata smrekovih iglica radi ocjene njihovog djelovanja na kakvoću mesa pilića brojlera. Proveden je pokus hranidbe brojlera križanaca Ross-308 dodavanjem neutralnih ekstrakata smrekovih iglica u obliku rasutog praška u smjesu za njihove obroke. Pokazalo se da je rasuti prašak kao dodatak hrani brojlera koji je sadržavao neutralne ekstrakte smrekovih iglica (0,05% i 0,10% čiste tvari) poboljšao kakvoću mesa pilića. Dodaci hrani koji sadrže biološki aktivne tvari iz neutralnog ekstrakta smrekovih iglica uključeni u metaboličke procese brojlera povećali su sadržaj n-3 polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (DHA) u mesu za 0,59-1,05% (P<0,05) i sadržaj karotenoida u jetri za 0,46-1,70 mgkg.-1(P<0,05) te u isto vrijeme pozitivno smanjili razinu kolesterola u mesu za 17,18-26,16 mg.100g-1(P<0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom

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