3,712 research outputs found
Institutions, Social Norms, and Bargaining Power: An Analysis of Individual Leisure Time in Couple Households
We exploit time use data from Denmark and the United States to examine the impact institutions and social norms have on individuals' bargaining power within a household, hypothesizing that the more generous social welfare system and more egalitarian social norms in Denmark will mitigate the impact standard economic power measures have upon couples' time use. Further we posit that leisure time will be more sensitive to power considerations than housework time which may be more influenced by preferences regarding household public goods, to gendered notions of time use, and to censoring. Our results are generally supportive of these hypotheses, with leisure time on non-work days in the US being particularly responsive to economic power. In addition, we find some evidence that institutions matter as women in the US who are more likely to receive welfare benefits enjoy more leisure time than would be suggested by their economic power alone.Time Use, Power, Leisure, Institutions, Norms
Quark number susceptibilities, strangeness and dynamical confinement
We report first results on the strange quark number susceptibility, chi_s,
over a large range of temperatures, mainly in the plasma phase of QCD. Chi_s
jumps across the phase transition temperature, T_c, and grows rapidly with
temperature above but close to T_c. For all quark masses and susceptibilities
in the entire temperature range studied, we found significant departures from
ideal-gas values. We also observed a strong correlation between these
quantities and the susceptibility in the scalar/pseudo-scalar channel,
supporting ideas of ``dynamical confinement'' in the high temperature phase of
the QCD plasma.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Multiparameter tests of general relativity using multiband gravitational-wave observations
In this Letter we show that multiband observations of stellar-mass binary
black holes by the next generation of ground-based observatories (3G) and the
space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) would facilitate a
comprehensive test of general relativity by simultaneously measuring all the
post-Newtonian (PN) coefficients. Multiband observations would measure most of
the known PN phasing coefficients to an accuracy below a few percent---two
orders-of-magnitude better than the best bounds achievable from even `golden'
binaries in the 3G or LISA bands. Such multiparameter bounds would play a
pivotal role in constraining the parameter space of modified theories of
gravity beyond general relativity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. v3: version published in PR
Structure, bonding and magnetism in cobalt clusters
The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Co clusters
(20) have been investigated using density functional theory within the
pseudopotential plane wave method. An unusual hexagonal growth pattern has been
observed in the intermediate size range, 20. The cobalt atoms are
ferromagnetically ordered and the calculated magnetic moments are found to be
higher than that of corresponding hcp bulk value, which are in good agreement
with the recent Stern-Gerlach experiments. The average coordination number is
found to dominate over the average bond length to determine the effective
hybridization and consequently the cluster magnetic moment.Comment: 12 pages and 9 figure
Ballistic-Ohmic quantum Hall plateau transition in graphene pn junction
Recent quantum Hall experiments conducted on disordered graphene pn junction
provide evidence that the junction resistance could be described by a simple
Ohmic sum of the n and p mediums' resistances. However in the ballistic limit,
theory predicts the existence of chirality-dependent quantum Hall plateaus in a
pn junction. We show that two distinctively separate processes are required for
this ballistic-Ohmic plateau transition, namely (i) hole/electron Landau states
equilibration and (ii) valley iso-spin dilution of the incident Landau edge
state. These conclusions are obtained by a simple scattering theory argument,
and confirmed numerically by performing ensembles of quantum magneto-transport
calculations on a 0.1um-wide disordered graphene pn junction within the
tight-binding model. The former process is achieved by pn interface roughness,
where a pn interface disorder with a root-mean-square roughness of 10nm was
found to suffice under typical experimental conditions. The latter process is
mediated by extrinsic edge roughness for an armchair edge ribbon and by
intrinsic localized intervalley scattering centers at the edge of the pn
interface for a zigzag ribbon. In light of these results, we also examine why
higher Ohmic type plateaus are less likely to be observable in experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Phases and properties of quark matter
I review recent developments in finite temperature lattice QCD which are
useful for the study of heavy-ion collisions. I pay particular attention to
studies of the equation of state and the light they throw on conformal symmetry
and the large N_c limit, and to the structure of the phase diagram for N_f=2+1.Comment: Plenary talk at Quark Matter 2008, Jaipur, India (8 pages, 5 figures
The continuum limit of quark number susceptibilities
We report the continuum limit of quark number susceptibilities in quenched
QCD. Deviations from ideal gas behaviour at temperature T increase as the
lattice spacing is decreased from T/4 to T/6, but a further decrease seems to
have very little effect. The measured susceptibilities are 20% lower than the
ideal gas values, and also 10% below the hard thermal loop (HTL) results. The
off-diagonal susceptibility is several orders of magnitude smaller than the HTL
results. We verify a strong correlation between the lowest screening mass and
the susceptibility. We also show that the quark number susceptibilities give a
reasonable account of the Wroblewski parameter, which measures the strangeness
yield in a heavy-ion collision.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
- …