Partial Pole Placement with Controller Optimization

An arbitrary subset (n - m) of the (n) closed loop eigenvalues of an n(th) order continuous time single input linear time invariant system is to be placed using full state feedback, at pre-specified locations in the complex plane. The remaining closed loop eigenvalues can be placed anywhere inside a pre-defined region in the complex plane. This region constraint on the unspecified poles is translated into a linear matrix inequality constraint on the feedback gains through a convex inner approximation of the polynomial stability region. The closed loop locations for these eigenvalues are optimized to obtain a minimum norm feedback gain vector. This reduces the controller effort leading to less expensive actuators required to be installed in the control system. The proposed algorithm is illustrated on a linearized model of a 4-machine, 2-area power system example

Educated Unemployed, Educational Subsidies and Growth

The subject matter of the present study is educated unemployment, a commonly observed phenomenon. especially in some of the more populous LDCs like India. Such an inquiry is warranted for two different reasons. First of all, It is a common observation that educated unemployment does not deter the demand for education; see, for example, Blaug et at. [3]. The question that needs to be answered is why do people go in for education in spite of this widespread unemployment? Secondly, it is an important policy question for governments of such LDCs as to whether education should be subsidized or not. Whereas the long-term gains in productivity accruing from a more educated labour force are undeniable, there is now also a growing realization that educational subsidies, by affecting educational costs, have a part to play in increased educated unemployment. In addition, such subsidies, being financed by taxes, reduce disposable income and hence further reduce an already inadequate supply of domestic savings for physical capital formation