Amyloid ß-fibrillumok nanomechanikája = Nanomechanics of amyloid ß-fibrils

Pályázatban amiloid béta (Aß) fibrillumokat, és ehhez kapcsolódóan hasonló természetű amiloid fibrillumokat és egyéb fibrilláris biomolekuláris rendszereket vizsgáltunk. A kísérletekben atomerőmikroszkóp segítségével vizsgáltuk a fibrillumok topográfiai szerkezetét és mechanikai erővezérelt szerkezeti átalakulásait. Különböző amiloid fibrillumok nanomechanikai ujjlenyomatát mértük meg. Felfedeztük, hogy az Aß peptid egy fragmentuma, az Aß25-35, trigonálisan orientált hálózatot hoz létre csillám felszínen. Ez nanotechnológiai alkalmazások lehetőségét veti fel, amellyel kapcsolatban szabadalmi bejelentést indítottunk el. Új mérési technológiákat fejesztettünk ki: térben és időben szinkronizált TIRF/AFM, illetve pásztázó próba kimográfia. A nanomechanikai módszereinket sikerrel adaptáltuk intermedier filamentumokra és miozin vastag filamentumokra. | In this grant proposal we have investigated te properties of amyloid beta (Aß) fibrils and other relevant amyoids and fibrillar biomolecular systems. In our experiments the topographical structure and mechanical force-driven structural changes of the fibrils were explored by using atomic force microscopy(AFM). We measured the nanomechanical fingerprint of various amyloid fibrils. We discovered that a toxic fragment of the full-length Aßpeptide, Aß25-35, forms a trigonally oriented network on mice. The phenomenon opens the possiblity towards nanotechnological applications. Based on this we filed a preliminary patent application (US 61/058,244). We developed novel methodologies: spatially and temporally resolved TIRF/AFM, scanning force kymography. Our nanomechanical methods were implemented on yet unexplored biomolecular systems: intermediate filaments and myosin thick filaments

In vivo screening of diterpene alkaloids using bdelloid rotifer assays

The group of diterpene alkaloids contains numerous compounds with complex chemistry and diverse pharmacological activities. Beside toxicity, these compounds possess activity on the cardiovascular system, tumor cell lines and nervous system. The pharmacological properties have been described using in vitro and in vivo techniques; however, the bioactivities of many compounds have not thoroughly been studied. Here we report on the in vivo evaluation of ten diterpene alkaloids using bdelloid rotifer assays. Napelline exerted toxic effects on rotifers, while wide tolerance range was observed for other investigated compounds. Weak toxicity of songorine is supported by our experiment. Toxicological data for senbusine A, senbusine C, septentrioidine and hetisinone are reported for the first time

Biological Activities of Four Adaptogenic Plant Extracts and Their Active Substances on a Rotifer Model

Rotifers have been widely used as well-characterized models of aging, since their multiorgan character makes them suitable as in vivo toxicological and lifespan models. Here we report the assessment of four adaptogenic plants and their extracts for the first time in this model. The effects on rotifer viability of extracts and characteristic active markers of Panax ginseng, Withania somnifera, Leuzea carthamoides, and Rhodiola rosea were tested in vivo. The crude extracts were nontoxic to Philodina acuticornis bdelloid rotifers; however, the pure substances of the plants influenced negatively the viability. Ginsenoside Rb1 and secondary metabolites of Withania somnifera exerted deleterious effect on the animals. The aglycone tyrosol and cinnamyl alcohol (from Rhodiola rosea) were more toxic than their glycosides salidroside and rosavin. Although the 20-OH-ecdysone and ajugasterone C (from Leuzea carthamoides) are chemically very similar, the latter was less toxic

Structural optimization of foldamer-dendrimer conjugates as multivalent agents against the toxic effects of amyloid beta oligomers

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Despite several in vivo and clinical studies, the cause of the disease is poorly understood. Currently, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and its tendency to assemble into soluble oligomers are known as a main pathogenic event leading to the interruption of synapses and brain degeneration. Targeting neurotoxic Aβ oligomers can help recognize the disease at an early stage or it can be a potential therapeutic approach. Unnatural β-peptidic foldamers are successfully used against many different protein targets due to their favorable structural and pharmacokinetic properties compared to small molecule or protein-like drug candidates. We have previously reported a tetravalent foldamer-dendrimer conjugate which can selectively bind Aβ oligomers. Taking advantage of multivalency and foldamers, we synthesized different multivalent foldamer-based conjugates to optimize the geometry of the ligand. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to measure binding affinity to Aβ, thereafter 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based tissue viability assay and impedance-based viability assay on SH-SY5Y cells were applied to monitor Aβ toxicity and protective effects of the compounds. Important factors for high binding affinity were determined and a good correlation was found between influencing the valence and the capability of the conjugates for Aβ binding