Elizabeth I\u27s Consolidation and Uniformation of the Church of England

Study of Elizabeth I of England\u27s political motivations for reforming the 16th century Anglican Church

Significance of gametophyte form in tropical, epiphytic ferns

Fern gametophytes are variable in growth form and longevity. Most are short-lived and cordate in outline. Others are long-lived, ribbon-like or filamentous, and clone-forming, and some produce gametophytic gemmae. Literature, field, and laboratory studies reveal that persistent, clone-forming gametophytes are typical of rainforest epiphytes. Of this group, gametophytes of Elaphoglossaceae and Polypodiaceae lack gemmae, whereas gametophytes of Hymenophyllaceae, Grammitidaceae and Vittariaceae regularly produce gemmae. Correlation of long-lived, clonal gametophyte form with the epiphytic habitat suggests adaptation to the epiphytic habitat. In the epiphytic habitat, bryophytes are a ubiquitous presence, typically covering tree limbs and trunks with a dense mat of plants several centimeters thick. Epiphytic fern gametophytes may have evolved persistent, clonal growth forms to compete with epiphytic bryophytes. Long-lived, clonal growth increases opportunity for gametophytes to find favorable space and/or time for production of sporophytes;In greenhouse cultured bryophyte mats, short-lived, cordate gametophytes grew only in areas devoid of bryophytes, and sporophytes of terrestrial species did not survive to maturity. Gametophytes of Hymenophyllaceae and Vittariaceae grew well inside bryophyte mats, as did sporophytes of all five epiphytic families when transplanted directly to bryophyte covered boards;Studies on epiphytic ferns indicate that they, like terrestrial species, are outbreeders. In gemmiferous epiphytic species, an antheridiogen system results in antheridia formed directly by germinating gemmae when they germinate in the presence of mature gametophytes. In epiphytic habitats, outcrossing between two gametophytes is made difficult by intervening bryophytes. Persistent gametophyte growth can decrease the physical distance between plants, increasing the opportunity for gametophytes to outcross. Gemmae, transported by wind, gravity, animals or water, can also eliminate the separation between gametophytes on different limbs or on different trees. Thus gemmae promote outbreeding when gametophytes are distant, as in long-distance dispersal to islands. On islands, epiphytic gemmiferous species are overrepresented, and nongemmiferous species are underrepresented relative to mainlands

Prosthetics in Performance: Exploring the Relationship Between Ballet Dancers and Their Pointe Shoes

Getting her first pair of pointe shoes is an important milestone for a young ballet dancer. From then on, throughout her ballet “career” (whether she becomes a professional or not), her pointe shoes will play an important role in shaping her dancing and her physical form. Ballet’s strict aesthetic requirements demand visually long body lines. Pointe shoes are uniquely able to meet those demands by augmenting and extending a dancer’s physical body. Through choosing, personalizing, training with, and eventually “killing” pointe shoes, dancers incorporate the footwear as prosthetic extensions of their own bodies and intentions. As a result, prosthetic pointe shoes play an integral role in the performative and objectifying realities of ballet dance

Assessment of Possible Carcinogenic Hazards Created in Surrounding Ecosystems by Oil Shale Developments

One of the purposes of an environmental assessment is to foresee potential problems created by the introduction of contaminants into an ecosystem and to suggest appropriate control devices to mitigate the effects of such inputs. In the case of the oil shale industry, very little is known about the potential hazards, especially those related to the emission of organic compounds with carcinogenic potency. The hazards will probably be due to chronic exposures to the emitted compounds and the effects of such exposures are likely to take years to manifest themselves, as is the case with many carcinogenic substances. A precise evaluation of these hazards awaits commencement of operation of commercial scale oil shale processing facilities. However, it is hoped that this report will stimulate future research into the effects and control of discharges of carcinogenic materials from oil shale development sites and possibly other fossil fuel energy development and result in the anticipation of potential problems

How Formal and Informal Institutions of Middle Eastern Countries Influence Managerial Discretion: An Empirical Investigation

Managerial discretion is the focal theme bridging the clash between two schools of thoughts; whether executives have greater influence on their firms’ outcomes or other factors restrain their actions (Hambrick & Finkelstein, 1987). It is argued that constraints come from inertial, normative and environmental forces (e.g. DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). Of these restraints is the institutional environment in which a firm is headquartered. Our paper falls within this research stream and provides an extension for Crossland and Hambrick (2007, 2011) work. We investigate the national level of discretion in new cross-cultural contexts, provide deeper understanding of its concept, and shed the light on undiscovered discretion’s antecedents and consequences. We adopt a quantitative approach in which questionnaires represent our data collection instrument. We anticipate that in high discretion countries firms tend to follow what Miles & Snow (1978) labeled ‘Prospector’ strategy as opposed to low discretion countries in which firms incline to implement a ‘Defender’ strategy

The Ursinus Weekly, June 8, 1959

172 receive diplomas at Ursinus today: Miller addresses grads at 90th commencement • Trexler speaks at Baccalaureate on Sunday, June 7 • Admissions Office expects 250 freshmen in \u2763 class • Dr. Sieb Pancoast resigns as Ursinus Dean of Men • Prizes awarded to outstanding Ursinus students • Mr. Richard Schellhase is new Alumni Secretary • Swinton chosen as new MSGA rep. from sophomores • Senior party • Editorial: Beginning • Exodus • Meandering • Progress • Marital status • Letter to the editor • Jen Shillingford leaves Ursinus • Baseball team finishes with impressive log • Cindermen end season; Several records broken • Girls undefeated in Spring sports • Ursinus grads to continue studies after graduation • News of the nationhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1388/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 20, 1959

IF Weekend April 24 to 26; Neil Hefti\u27s band on Friday • Alexander Award to be given for leadership course • Spirit Committee elects Kleckner as president • Martin Zippin returns to U.C. for art program • Rafetto to speak on job interviews this Wed. at 8 P.M. • Lewis Mumford speaks at Penn. lectures on Frank Lloyd Wright • WSGA, WAA, and Y elections Tuesday noon • Egyptian students tell of problems of their country • Sorority open house • Editorial: Spring reflection • A student, a Jesuit and a carpenter • News of the nation • Orientation plans compared by student panel • Lacrosse team trounces Penn by 14-3 score • Penn relays to be held April 24 & 25 • Ursinus nine triumphs over Rutgers & Drexelhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1383/thumbnail.jp

Educational intervention to improve infection prevention and control practices in four companion animal clinics in Switzerland

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices vary among companion animal clinics, and outbreaks with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have been described. Aim: To investigate the effect of an IPC intervention (introduction of IPC protocols, IPC lectures, hand hygiene campaign) in four companion animal clinics. Methods: IPC practices, environmental and hand contamination with antimicrobial-resistant micro-organisms (ARM) and hand hygiene (HH) were assessed at baseline, and 1 and 5 months after the intervention. Results: Median IPC scores (% maximum score) improved from 57.8% (range 48.0-59.8%) to 82.9% (range 81.4-86.3%) at 1-month follow-up. Median cleaning frequency assessed by fluorescent tagging increased from 16.7% (range 8.9-18.9%) to 30.6% (range 27.8-52.2%) at 1-month follow-up and 32.8% (range 32.2-33.3%) at 5-month follow-up. ARM contamination was low in three clinics at baseline and undetectable after the intervention. One clinic showed extensive contamination with ARM including CPE before and after the intervention (7.5-16.0% ARM-positive samples and 5.0-11.5% CPE-positive samples). Mean HH compliance improved from 20.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.2-22.8%] to 42.5% (95% CI 40.4-44.7%) at 1-month follow-up and 38.7% (95% CI 35.7-41.7%) at 5-month follow-up. Compliance was lowest in the pre-operative preparation area at baseline (11.8%, 95% CI 9.3-14.8%) and in the intensive care unit after the intervention (28.8%, 95% CI 23.3-35.1%). HH compliance was similar in veterinarians (21.5%, 95% CI 19.0-24.3%) and nurses (20.2%, 95% CI 17.9-22.7%) at baseline, but was higher in veterinarians (46.0%, 95% CI 42.9-49.1%) than nurses (39.0%, 95% CI 36.0-42.1%) at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion: The IPC intervention improved IPC scores, cleaning frequency and HH compliance in all clinics. Adapted approaches may be needed in outbreak situations