Simultaneous Determination of Binary Mixture of Estradiol and Progesterone Using Different Spectrophotometric Methods

    أربع تقنيات طيفية مشتقة سريعة ودقيقة وبسيطة للغاية تم استخدامها  من أجل التقدير الكمي للمزيج الثنائي من استراديول والبروجسترون المصنّعة على شكل كبسولة. الطريقة الأولى هي قياس الصفرى للمشتق الأول تم اكتشاف السعات المشتقة عند طول موجة عبور صفرى239.27 و292.51 نانوميتر لتقدير استراديول و 249.19 نانوميتر للبروجسترون. الطريقة الثانية هى الطرح النسبي يتم التقدير البروجسترون عند 240 نانوميتر بعد طرح التداخل الذى يمارسه استراديول. الطريقة الثالثة هى طرح السعة المعدلة تم انشاؤه بأستخدام التحليل الطيفى المشتق والتلاعب الرياضي. الطريقة الرابعة هي تقنية نسبة الأمتصاص تم قياس الأمتصاصية لكلا الدواءين عند طولين موجيين نقطة الأمتصاص متساوية 2601=λ ونقطة امتصاص2402=λ لبروجسترون ويتم حساب التراكيز النهائية بواسطة معادلة Q. منحنى المعايرة خطي من 140 – 5 و 32 – 2 ميكرو غرام /مل لاستراديول وبروجسترون على التوالى. تم اختبار انتقائية التقنيات المقترحة بأستخدام توليفات تركيبة تم ا إنشاؤها فى المختبر وتم تقيمها بأستخدام طريقة الإضافة القياسية. بأستخدام ANOVAأحادى الأتجاه  تمت مقارنة مخرجات الطرق المقترحة ولم تضهرالنتيجة أي فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين التقنيات المقترحة.Four rapid, accurate and very simple derivative spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the quantitative determination of binary mixtures of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PRG) formulated as a capsule. Method I is the first derivative zero-crossing technique, derivative amplitudes were detected at the zero-crossing wavelength of 239.27 and 292.51 nm for the quantification of estradiol and 249.19 nm for Progesterone. Method II is ratio subtraction, progesterone was determined at λmax 240 nm after subtraction of interference exerted by estradiol. Method III is modified amplitude subtraction, which was established using derivative spectroscopy and mathematical manipulations. Method IIII is the absorbance ratio technique, absorbance of both medicines was measured at two wavelengths λ1= 260, -absorptive point and λ2=240max of progesterone. The Q equations were used to calculate the final concentrations. The calibration curve is linear from 5.0–140 and 2.0–32.0 µg/ml for estradiol and progesterone respectively. The proposed techniques' selectivity was tested using synthetic combinations created in the lab and assessed using the standard addition method. Using one-way ANOVA, the outputs of the proposed ways were compared, and the result showed no significant differences between the proposed techniques

Proposed Capability Indices Based on Robust Estimation Compared with Classical Capability Indices

A process capability study is a scientific and systematic procedure that uses control charts to detect and eliminate the unnatural causes of variation until a state of statistical control is reached. On the other hand, in order to meet the quality requirements of the final product, quality should be achieved at every stage of production. Another way of achieving good quality during production is to use statistical techniques at every stage of production. The purpose of this research is to apply it to process capacity indices in replace of the standard deviation estimator. The information, which is taken from the Coca-Cola/Erbil production process, illustrates the qualities of the beverage (750 ml). A Coca-Cola product's 100 observations are divided into 25 models. Employed both the standard deviation estimator-based and the robust Downton estimation-based process capability indices. It was determined that in this inquiry, the robust Downton estimation had better qualities than the standard division estimator because the robust Downton estimation process capacity index values were greater

Molecular interactions at the surface of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large oncosomes have been shown to participate in a wide variety of biological processes and are currently under intense investigation in many different fields of biomedicine. One of the key features of extracellular vesicles is that they have relatively large surface compared to their volume. Some extracellular vesicle surface molecules are shared with those of the plasma membrane of the releasing cell, while other molecules are characteristic for extracellular vesicular surfaces. Besides proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids are also players of extracellular vesicle surface interactions. Being secreted and present in high number in biological samples, collectively extracellular vesicles represent a uniquely large interactive surface area which can establish contacts both with cells and with molecules in the extracellular microenvironment. Here, we provide a brief overview of known components of the extracellular vesicle surface interactome and highlight some already established roles of the extracellular vesicle surface interactions in different biological processes in health and disease

Donor chimera model for tolerance induction in transplantation

<p>Tolerance induction is the basis of a successful transplantation with the goal being the re-establishment of homeostasis after transplantation. Non-autograft transplantation disrupts this maintenance drastically which would be avoided by administration of a novel procedure.</p><p>At present, the blood group antigens and the genotypes of the donor and recipient are cross-matched before transplantation combined with a drug regimen that confers general immunosuppression. But the 'specific' unresponsiveness of the recipient to the donor organ, implied by 'tolerance', is not achieved in this process.</p><p>This article introduces the 'donor chimera model' via the concept of the 'closed transplantation loop' approach for tolerance induction which seeks to limit the use of immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation. (C) 2013 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>

Investigation of Photo-Absorption and Current-Voltage Properties of Liquid Extracts from Fruits for Organic Solar Cells Application

In this research work, the optical absorption and photo-current characteristics of black grape, strawberry and orange solutions were investigated. The solutions were extracted from fresh fruits and UV-V is spectrophotometer was utilized to record the absorption spectra of the samples. Besides, the photo-current properties were investigated via current-voltage characteristics of the fruit solutions under illumination. The results showed that energy gaps of the fruits are located within the visible spectrum. Energy gap of 1.84eV was found for the black grape, 2.11eV for strawberry and 3.10eV for the orange solution. The broad absorption spectra for black grape and strawberry have proved the fruits capability to harvest solar energy. Additionally, the enhanced photo-current activity of the fruit solutions under light suggested their potential application for the organic and/or dyes solar cell

Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism

Apart from transporting lipids through the body, the human plasma lipoproteins very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are also thought to serve as a modality for intra-organismal protein transfer, shipping proteins with important roles in inflammation and thrombosis from the site of synthesis to effector locations. To better understand the role of VLDL and LDL in the transport of proteins, we applied a combination of LTQ ORBITRAP-XL (nLC-MS/MS) with both in-SDS-PAGE gel and in-solution tryptic digestion of pure and defined VLDL and LDL fractions. We identified the presence of 95 VLDL- and 51 LDL-associated proteins including all known apolipoproteins and lipid transport proteins, and intriguingly a set of coagulation proteins, complement system and anti- microbial proteins. Prothrombin, protein S, fibrinogen gamma, PLTP, CETP, CD14 and LBP were present on VLDL but not on LDL. Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, dermcidin, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, TFPI-1 and fibrinogen alpha chain were associated with both VLDL and LDL. Apo A-V is only present on VLDL and not on LDL. Collectively, this study provides a wealth of knowledge on the protein constituents of the human plasma lipoprotein system and strongly supports the notion that protein shuttling through this system is involved in the regulation of biological processes. Human diseases related to proteins carried by VLDL and LDL can be divided in three major categories: 1 dyslipidaemia, 2 atherosclerosis and vascular disease, and 3 coagulation disorder

Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism

Apart from transporting lipids through the body, the human plasma lipoproteins very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are also thought to serve as a modality for intra-organismal protein transfer, shipping proteins with important roles in inflammation and thrombosis from the site of synthesis to effector locations. To better understand the role of VLDL and LDL in the transport of proteins, we applied a combination of LTQ ORBITRAP-XL (nLC-MS/MS) with both in-SDS-PAGE gel and in-solution tryptic digestion of pure and defined VLDL and LDL fractions. We identified the presence of 95 VLDL- and 51 LDL-associated proteins including all known apolipoproteins and lipid transport proteins, and intriguingly a set of coagulation proteins, complement system and anti- microbial proteins. Prothrombin, protein S, fibrinogen gamma, PLTP, CETP, CD14 and LBP were present on VLDL but not on LDL. Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, dermcidin, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, TFPI-1 and fibrinogen alpha chain were associated with both VLDL and LDL. Apo A-V is only present on VLDL and not on LDL. Collectively, this study provides a wealth of knowledge on the protein constituents of the human plasma lipoprotein system and strongly supports the notion that protein shuttling through this system is involved in the regulation of biological processes. Human diseases related to proteins carried by VLDL and LDL can be divided in three major categories: 1 dyslipidaemia, 2 atherosclerosis and vascular disease, and 3 coagulation disorders