A Recently Formulated Individual Control Chart Designed for Quality Control Applications within the Health-care Domain

Quality control charts are based on data that is also used for various statistical analyses, such as regression, time series analysis, and other types of analyses. This implies that the data used to create these charts may contain outliers, potentially compromising their accuracy. To eliminate any potential noise or pollution from the data, a researcher proposed using wavelet shrinkage with a threshold and comparing the resulting data with Shewart's individual chart. Based on this, a new quality control chart was proposed and built using a universal approach for assessing the level of thresholding, representing the individual chart for wavelet haar with soft and hard thresholding. Following that, a comparison was performed between them as well as with Shewart's individual chart. This letter's most significant conclusion is that, in addition to using two real data points—triglyceride, which was recorded by a laboratory blood analyzer in Al-Jumhuri and at the specialized Center for Cardiology Hospital in Erbil Governorate—it may be possible to use wavelet shrinkage with a threshold to address issues of noise or pollution when Shewart's individual chart was made and used. Moreover, the wavelet method effectively reduces deviation, as demonstrated in both sets of data

Infection of the Ovine herpesvirus 2 in the reservoir host, sheep, and the susceptible host, cattle

Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is a gamma-herpesvirus that belongs to genus macavirus, is endemic in sheep worldwide. The virus infects sheep subclinically but when it is transmitted to cattle; it induces malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a frequently fatal lymphoproliferative disease. The pathogenesis and site of OvHV-2 is unknown in both species. In this study, we tried to: first detect the virus presence and measure its DNA loads; secondly, localise the precise cellular location of the virus in the tissues of sheep and domestic cattle. For the first purpose, we optimised and validated a sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique using Taqman® probe system that can detect and measure the virus’s DNA as low as one viral DNA copy in a qPCR reaction. Secondly, we applied RNA in situ hybridisation (RNA-ISH) technique to detect viral transcripts (Ov2.5 a latent gene and ORF65 a lytic gene), and in addition we used immunohistology to stain the viral Ov8 antigen (glycoprotein) by specific polyclonal antibodies. For these purposes we have used a variety of organs and tissues, namely: respiratory tract, tongue, muzzle, lymphoid and reproductive organs as well as nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes from randomly selected sheep (n=28), cows without MCF (n=50) and cattle with MCF (n=12). The results in sheep have shown that 88 % of them harbour viral DNA in most of their organs at very low amounts.The viral mRNA and antigen were also detected in a wide range of organs including epithelial cells of respiratory tract, tongue and muzzle, macrophages and lymphocytes (B cells) in bronchial associated lymphoid associated lymphocytes (BALT), lymph nodes in spleen as well as vascular endothelial cells of many of these tissues. Interestingly in cattle without MCF, results were very similar as in sheep i.e.; viral DNA was found in a large population of cattle (67 %); and viral transcripts and antigen detected in a large proportion of tested organs, similar as seen in sheep. In the MCF-affected cattle, similar types of cells were found infected as in cattle without MCF, but with significantly higher viral loads (more than three logs). This study shows for the first time OvHV-2 location and cell types they infect in sheep, and in cattle that do not show any evidence of MCF. The new question is what triggers inducing of MCF in the subclinically infected healthy cattle?. That can be addressed by further investigation

Estimation of bolt tension using transverse natural frequencies of the shank and protruding end

Bolted connections are crucial components in mechanical systems with the purpose of assembling different components. However, the tension of bolts may decrease due to recursive loading and environmental conditions. Monitoring the tension of bolted connections can help prevent failures and identify damage at an early stage. Vibration-based techniques have shown promising results for evaluating the tension present in a bolted connection. However, previous studies have neglected the effect of the protruding end, which can significantly affect the dynamic response of the bolted connection. In this study, a novel extended model based on an Euler-Bernoulli beam is proposed that accurately captures the effects of the protruding end on the estimation of the transverse natural frequency of the bolt. The proposed technique incorporating the transversal natural frequencies associated with the protruding end of the bolted connection provides a more representative frequency response of the bolted connection. The results show that there is a significant shift in the natural frequencies at higher modes which are associated with the protruding end. The findings have important implications for the monitoring of bolted connections and provide a basis for more accurate and reliable health and performance assessments. Further research could focus on the validation of the proposed model using experimental data and its application in practical settings

Workload balancing in trasporation crew scheduling

We focus on workload balancing in crew scheduling problems of transportation systems where deadheading (repositioning with no duty) of crew is also possible. The deadheading option could be just used unnecessarily for the sake of balancing the workload among team members. Existing works have only focused on systems where deadheading is not considered. The assignment of crew members to a sequence of duties in a finite planning horizon is determined in such a way that the allocation of the workload among the crew members is acceptably fair and almost equal when possible. This issue is a common planning phenomenon for also other type of duty scheduling and rostering processes where teams of crew members are in consideration such as hospitals and airlines. At the tactical level, the crew schedules are feasible with respect to various restrictions and regulations; yet, they may result in an imbalanced share of workloads among the crew. In addition, unbalanced crew schedules may also cause unavoidable over-time costs and result in unevenness with respect to time-based compensations. A solution approach based on a network flow formulation of the problem is developed. In addition, we develop a binary search method as an exact algorithm and a pool of conventional heuristic methods that modify the schedules by reallocating the duties without disrupting the feasibilities. We present the results of our computational experiments with well-known problem instances from the crew scheduling literature and data sets that are representative of largest crew region in Turkish State Railways

Infection of the Ovine herpesvirus 2 in the reservoir host, sheep, and the susceptible host, cattle

Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is a gamma-herpesvirus that belongs to genus macavirus, is endemic in sheep worldwide. The virus infects sheep subclinically but when it is transmitted to cattle; it induces malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a frequently fatal lymphoproliferative disease. The pathogenesis and site of OvHV-2 is unknown in both species. In this study, we tried to: first detect the virus presence and measure its DNA loads; secondly, localise the precise cellular location of the virus in the tissues of sheep and domestic cattle. For the first purpose, we optimised and validated a sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique using Taqman® probe system that can detect and measure the virus’s DNA as low as one viral DNA copy in a qPCR reaction. Secondly, we applied RNA in situ hybridisation (RNA-ISH) technique to detect viral transcripts (Ov2.5 a latent gene and ORF65 a lytic gene), and in addition we used immunohistology to stain the viral Ov8 antigen (glycoprotein) by specific polyclonal antibodies. For these purposes we have used a variety of organs and tissues, namely: respiratory tract, tongue, muzzle, lymphoid and reproductive organs as well as nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes from randomly selected sheep (n=28), cows without MCF (n=50) and cattle with MCF (n=12). The results in sheep have shown that 88 % of them harbour viral DNA in most of their organs at very low amounts.The viral mRNA and antigen were also detected in a wide range of organs including epithelial cells of respiratory tract, tongue and muzzle, macrophages and lymphocytes (B cells) in bronchial associated lymphoid associated lymphocytes (BALT), lymph nodes in spleen as well as vascular endothelial cells of many of these tissues. Interestingly in cattle without MCF, results were very similar as in sheep i.e.; viral DNA was found in a large population of cattle (67 %); and viral transcripts and antigen detected in a large proportion of tested organs, similar as seen in sheep. In the MCF-affected cattle, similar types of cells were found infected as in cattle without MCF, but with significantly higher viral loads (more than three logs). This study shows for the first time OvHV-2 location and cell types they infect in sheep, and in cattle that do not show any evidence of MCF. The new question is what triggers inducing of MCF in the subclinically infected healthy cattle?. That can be addressed by further investigation

Theoretical investigation of heavy cluster decay from Z=118 and 120 isotopes: A search for an empirical formula in superheavy region

Various decay modes in superheavy nuclei have been of significant interest among which cluster radioactivity has recently gained sizable attention. The {\alpha}-decay being a predominant decay mode in the superheavy region, the accurate determination of cluster decay half-lives is also crucial in this region as it has tremendous potential to be explored as one of the major decay channels. The usability of the Royer analytical formula [Nuclear Physics A 683 (2001) 182], which is based on the asymmetric fission model, has been investigated for the cluster and {\alpha} decay in superheavy region, by comparing it with several other (semi)empirical/analytical formulas. After fitting the formula on around 100 cluster-decay data and around 423 {\alpha}-decay data, the refitted Royer formula (RRF) is found to be very robust which is able to estimate the cluster decay and {\alpha}-decay half-lives with good accuracy. In fact, a comparison of the half-lives of both the decay modes using the same formula points towards a substantial chance of heavy cluster (Kr and Sr) decay from various isotopes of Z=118 and 120. Hence, the formula proposed in this study works fairly well for the estimation of cluster decay half-lives in superheavy regions where most empirical formulas fail to match with the half-lives from the various established theories.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, Accepted in Nuclear Physics

Simultaneous Determination of Binary Mixture of Estradiol and Progesterone Using Different Spectrophotometric Methods

    أربع تقنيات طيفية مشتقة سريعة ودقيقة وبسيطة للغاية تم استخدامها  من أجل التقدير الكمي للمزيج الثنائي من استراديول والبروجسترون المصنّعة على شكل كبسولة. الطريقة الأولى هي قياس الصفرى للمشتق الأول تم اكتشاف السعات المشتقة عند طول موجة عبور صفرى239.27 و292.51 نانوميتر لتقدير استراديول و 249.19 نانوميتر للبروجسترون. الطريقة الثانية هى الطرح النسبي يتم التقدير البروجسترون عند 240 نانوميتر بعد طرح التداخل الذى يمارسه استراديول. الطريقة الثالثة هى طرح السعة المعدلة تم انشاؤه بأستخدام التحليل الطيفى المشتق والتلاعب الرياضي. الطريقة الرابعة هي تقنية نسبة الأمتصاص تم قياس الأمتصاصية لكلا الدواءين عند طولين موجيين نقطة الأمتصاص متساوية 2601=λ ونقطة امتصاص2402=λ لبروجسترون ويتم حساب التراكيز النهائية بواسطة معادلة Q. منحنى المعايرة خطي من 140 – 5 و 32 – 2 ميكرو غرام /مل لاستراديول وبروجسترون على التوالى. تم اختبار انتقائية التقنيات المقترحة بأستخدام توليفات تركيبة تم ا إنشاؤها فى المختبر وتم تقيمها بأستخدام طريقة الإضافة القياسية. بأستخدام ANOVAأحادى الأتجاه  تمت مقارنة مخرجات الطرق المقترحة ولم تضهرالنتيجة أي فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين التقنيات المقترحة.Four rapid, accurate and very simple derivative spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the quantitative determination of binary mixtures of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PRG) formulated as a capsule. Method I is the first derivative zero-crossing technique, derivative amplitudes were detected at the zero-crossing wavelength of 239.27 and 292.51 nm for the quantification of estradiol and 249.19 nm for Progesterone. Method II is ratio subtraction, progesterone was determined at λmax 240 nm after subtraction of interference exerted by estradiol. Method III is modified amplitude subtraction, which was established using derivative spectroscopy and mathematical manipulations. Method IIII is the absorbance ratio technique, absorbance of both medicines was measured at two wavelengths λ1= 260, -absorptive point and λ2=240max of progesterone. The Q equations were used to calculate the final concentrations. The calibration curve is linear from 5.0–140 and 2.0–32.0 µg/ml for estradiol and progesterone respectively. The proposed techniques' selectivity was tested using synthetic combinations created in the lab and assessed using the standard addition method. Using one-way ANOVA, the outputs of the proposed ways were compared, and the result showed no significant differences between the proposed techniques

Physics Informed Gaussian Process for Bolt Tension Estimation

Bolted joints are fundamental components in many engineering applications. Therefore, the need for monitoring their tension over their life span is essential for securing their integrity. Modelling of the dynamics of a bolt has shown success through Euler-Bernoulli beam theory where a relationship of boundary conditions and tension allows determining the changes in the modal parameters. However, the widespread adoption of this approach faces challenges, as obtaining high-fidelity data for bolts under all tension phases is often unfeasible in practice, particularly for those in low tension. Nevertheless, merging data and prior physics knowledge can provide practical constraints for bolt tension estimation in areas lacking observational data. This study establishes its foundation by developing a stochastic physics model for bolt tension estimation through the integration of bolt data driven and physics-based predictions using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). The core concept of this approach involves predicting data observations through a stochastic simulation using a physics-based model, particularly in scenarios where observational data is absent. The proposed methodology is validated with experimental data to critically evaluate its performance

Decay properties of undetected superheavy nuclei with Z>110

A comprehensive study of favoured and unfavoured $\alpha$-decay, cluster decay, weak-decay along with spontaneous fission in undetected superheavy nuclei within the range for proton number 111$\leq$Z$\leq$118 and neutron number 161$\leq$N$\leq$192 is performed. Half-lives for various mentioned decays are estimated with good accuracy on the basis of NUBASE2020 and are found in excellent match with the known half-lives. $\alpha$-decay mode is found most probable in this wide range and correspondingly potential $\alpha$-decay chains are reckoned. Peculiarly, the chances of cluster emission, as well as weak-decay, are also anticipated in this region of the periodic chart which open new pathways of detection of superheavy nuclei.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, Accepted in Physica Script