Effect of Health Belief Model based education on health literacy and smoking prevention among students

Abstract Background and Aim: Given the increasing trend of smoking among students and considering the potential of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting Health Literacy (HL) and smoking prevention as well as the role of HL in smoking prevention, this study aimed to determine the effect of HBM based education on HL and smoking prevention among students. Materials and Methods: The present work is a quasi-experimental interventional study that was conducted in 2017 among 120 non-smoking students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran (60 in each intervention and control group). Data gathering tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy from the HBM, smoking preventive behaviors and the HL Assessment Questionnaire (HELIA) completed in two stages before and 6 months after the education. The collected data were analyzed using proportional tests and SPSS software version 18. All stages of the study were conducted according to moral standards. Results: There was no significant difference between demographic and background variables. The mean scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, HL and preventive behaviors did not show any significant difference between both groups before the intervention (p>0.05). Following intervention, however, the mean scores of perceived susceptibility, benefits and self-efficacy, HL and preventive behaviors have changed significantly in experimental group as compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Education based on constructs of perceived susceptibility, benefits, and self-efficacy could be effective in promoting HL and thus smoking prevention among non-smoker students. Keywords: Health Belief Model, Education, Health Literacy, Prevention, Smoking, Student

تاثیر آموزش مبتنی بر الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی بر سواد سلامت و پیشگیری از مصرف سیگار در دانشجویان

Background and Aim: Given the increasing trend of smoking among students and considering the potential of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting Health Literacy (HL) and smoking prevention as well as the role of HL in smoking prevention, this study aimed to determine the effect of HBM based education on HL and smoking prevention among students. Materials and Methods: The present work is a quasi-experimental interventional study that was conducted in 2017 among 120 non-smoking students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran (60 in each intervention and control group). Data gathering tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy from the HBM, smoking preventive behaviors and the HL Assessment Questionnaire (HELIA) completed in two stages before and 6 months after the education. The collected data were analyzed using proportional tests and SPSS software version 18. All stages of the study were conducted according to moral standards. Results: There was no significant difference between demographic and background variables. The mean scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, HL and preventive behaviors did not show any significant difference between both groups before the intervention (p>0.05). Following intervention, however, the mean scores of perceived susceptibility, benefits and self-efficacy, HL and preventive behaviors have changed significantly in experimental group as compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Education based on constructs of perceived susceptibility, benefits, and self-efficacy could be effective in promoting HL and thus smoking prevention among non-smoker studentsزمینه و اهداف: نظر به افزایش روند مصرف سیگار در بین دانشجویان و قابلیت الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی در پیشگویی سواد سلامت و پیشگیری از مصرف سیگار و نیز نقش سواد سلامت در پیشگیری از مصرف سیگار، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تاثیر آموزش مبتنی بر الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی بر سواد سلامت و پیشگیری از مصرف سیگار در دانشجویان انجام شد.  مواد و روش­ها: این مطالعه مداخله‌ای از نوع نیمه­‌تجربی در سال 1396 و در میان 120 نفر از دانشجویان غیرسیگاری دانشگاه علوم­پزشکی­شهید­بهشتی­تهران (60 نفر در هر یک از دو گروه مداخله و کنترل) انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها شامل پرسشنامه روا و پایای مبتنی بر سازه­های حساسیت، منافع و خودکارآمدی درک­شده از الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی، رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از مصرف سیگار و پرسشنامه سنجش سواد سلامت (HELIA) بود که در دو مرحله قبل و 6 ماه پس از آموزش تکمیل گردید. داده‌های گردآوری­شده با استفاده از آزمون‌های متناسب و نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 18 تحلیل شدند. تمامی مراحل مطالعه حاضر طبق موازین اخلاقی اجرا گردید.    یافته­ ها: قبل از آموزش، بین متغیرهای جمعیت­شناختی و زمینه­ای، میانگین سازه­های حساسیت، منافع و خودکارآمدی درک­شده، سواد سلامت و رفتارهای پیشگیرانه در دو گروه، تفاوت معنی­دار وجود نداشت (05/0P>). پس از آموزش، مقایسه دو گروه نشان داد که میانگین نمرات سازه­های حساسیت، منافع و خودکارآمدی درک­شده، سواد سلامت و رفتارهای­پیشگیرانه در گروه مداخله به­طور معناداری نسبت به­گروه کنترل، تغییر داشته­است (05/0P<).   نتیجه ­گیری: آموزش براساس سازه­های حساسیت، منافع و خودکارآمدی درک­شده، می­تواند در ارتقای سواد سلامت و در نتیجه پیشگیری از مصرف سیگار در دانشجویان غیرسیگاری موثر باشد