Oncocytic carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a case report

Oncocytic carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy of minor salivary gland. The biological behaviour, management and prognosis are not well established due to its rarity and paucity of published literature. We report a case of 32 year old man presented an ulcerated growth measuring 1cm in size in right buccal mucosa along with enlarged left submandibular lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis was suggestive of oncocytic carcinoma of minor salivary gland by cytology and subsequently confirmed by excisional biopsy

ANATOMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA L. A COMMONLY PLANTED ROADSIDE TROPICAL SHRUB OF BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Objective: Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental problems of developing cities which adversely affects both plant and human life. However, roadside plants in the urban locations help in reducing the pollution level from the air through foliar surface and act as pollution sink. In this work, an attempt was made to understand the impact of air pollution on urban roadside plants which act as bio indicator.Methods: A study was conducted to check the impact of urbanization on air pollution by analyzing anatomical and biochemical aspects of Thevetia peruviana L. For anatomical analysis, the transverse sections of leaves were observed under a microscope; whereas for biochemical analysis, the estimation of chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein were determined by spectrophotometric methods. On the other hand, antioxidant enzyme assays, as well as specific activity staining, were performed to study the antioxidant potential. To investigate the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts, an assay for catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were performed. Isoforms of CAT, GPX and SOD were separated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and their activities were analyzed.Results: Analysis of data revealed that the anatomical disturbances significantly occurred in exposed plants of various sites. Among biochemical parameters, photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were found to be decreased. A maximum (7.65±0.51, 3.78±0.56,11.43±0.91, 5.63±0.55 mg/g, respectively) decrement was noticed in leaves of the Pokhariput plant in comparison to Khorda NH5 (19.44±1.08, 10.12±1.03, 29.56±2.32, 10.22±1.21 mg/g, respectively) which is taken as control one. To determine the effect of air pollution on proteins, leaf extracts were analyzed by the Lowry method and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The substantial decrement of total protein and alteration in polypeptides were noticed in polluted sites. Meanwhile, the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, GPX and SOD were also detected.Conclusion: The increment of antioxidant enzymes and alteration of proteins, suggesting the activation of defensive mechanisms in selected plants under air pollution stress and also the plants made physiological and biochemical adjustments to overcome the oxidative damage

EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF PHYLLANTHUS RETICULATES AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study deals with evaluation of hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced hepatitis in rats and in-vitro antioxidantactivity of aerial parts of ethanolic extract (70%) of Phyllanthus reticulates.Methods: Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage like AST, ALT, ALP and total Bilirubin were tested in both treated anduntreated groups.Results: Treatment with ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus reticulates (400 mg/kg) has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to thenear normal level which is comparable with the standard drug Silymarin.Conclusion: Further the in-vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed significant result which in turn encourages further evaluationof this plant in future.Keywords: Phyllanthus, Hepatitis, Biochemical markers, Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic content

DESIGN OF EFFICIENT DELAY BLOCK FOR LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATION

In recent years researchers have been  focusing on the design of low power and small size oscillator for emerging areas of interest such as the internet of things (IoT) and biomedical applications. In this paper a new delay block for ring oscillator is proposed using CMOS inverter cascaded with inverted current starved inverter (CICSI). The designed delay block provides approximately 50% more delay with a smaller number of transistors than the conventionally designed circuits. Furthermore, a ring oscillator and a non-overlapping clock (NOC) generator are designed using it. The designed circuits can be used in switched capacitor (SC) circuits, analog mixed signal circuits to meet the need for low frequency portable biomedical applications. The designed circuits are simulated on Generic 90nm 1.2V Process Design Kit (GPDK90) using Cadence Virtuoso Design Environment. The simulation result shows the delay of the CICSI delay block is 592ps. The ring oscillator using 101 stages of delay block is designed and it is shown that it operates at a frequency of  17MHz with a power consumption of 420µW

Histopathological classification of ovarian neoplasm: a retrospective study of 612 cases from a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women in India. Identification of histological types helps to predict tumor behaviour and further appropriate management. Aims and objectives is to study the histopathological parameters of ovarian tumor.Methods: This retrospective study was done on patients who presented ovarian mass and subsequently underwent surgery in a Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, over a period of three years from January 2016 to December 2018.  All datas such as age, site, gross findings and histological tumor types were retrieved from pathology and analyzed using MS Excel worksheet.Results: A total 612 cases of ovarian tumor were included for study. Non-neoplastic to neoplastic tumor ratio was 1:7.74. Surface epithelial tumors comprised the majority of tumors, accounting for 452 cases (83.39%). Malignant lesions were predominant in this series 416 cases (76%). Majority of borderline tumors were of mucinous subtype 20 (76.92%). The Mean±SD ages of all benign comprising, borderline and malignant tumors were 47.4±11.9, 44.9±14.3 and 46.9±13, respectively. On the basis of two tired grading system, high grade malignant serous tumors were maximum, 226 (74.34%). Ovarian surface involvement, omental invasion, uterine invasion, LVSI, capsular invasion and pelvic lymph node involvement was observed in 146 (35.26%), 106 (25.6%), 12 (2.89%), 70 (16.9%), 6 (1.44%) and 12 (2.89%) respectively. According to the FIGO staging system, among primary malignant tumor, 58% patients were presented in late stage (III and IV).Conclusions: The high incidence of malignant ovarian tumor with late presentation was observed in our study. So, further study is warranted to elucidate the major factors in our population

Clinico pathological profile of carcinoma breast in Odisha: a mining state of eastern India

Background: Carcinoma of the breast is the commonest malignancy in indian women. It is a serious health issue, producing increased mortality among indian women. Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with wide difference in clinico pathological presentation in different parts of the world. This study had been undertaken to evaluate the clinico pathological presentation of carcinoma breast in Odisha which is one of the important mining belts of eastern India.Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of 1000 eligible histopathology proved non metastatic, post-operative carcinoma breast, treated at Acharya Harihar post graduate institute of cancer, a tertiary cancer hospital of Odisha. The data were retrieved with respect to clinical presentation, pathological finding, stage of the disease and receptor status of the cancer breast patients from the hospital records.Results: Among 1000 patients the mean age of presentation was 47.25 years, among them 99.2% of the patient were female. Upper outer quadrant lesion was 66.6%. 96.5% of patient presented with invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Multicentricity was 1.9%. 36.5% presented with lympho vascular space invasion and 23% with perineural invasion. Mean tumor size was 4.24±2.07. 59.6% patient had lymph node involvement. Mean number of lymph node positive was 3.67. Extracapsular invasion was 19.9%. Majority of the patient presented with advanced stage of the disease. ER+, PR+, HER-2 neu negative breast cancer was only 21.5%, triple negative 47.9%, ER-, PR- HER-2 neu ± 15.2%, triple positive 9.1%.Conclusions: The patient of carcinoma breast in this part of world presented at younger age with advanced stage of the disease having triple negativity and HER-2 neu positive in a greater number of patients which are biologically aggressive, needs early detection and aggressive treatment

Analysis of FNAC in diagnosis of lymphadenopathy-a retrospective study from a regional cancer centre, Cuttack, Odisha

Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations and major causes of morbidity. Thus, clinical recognition and urgent diagnosis is of paramount importance. So, we aimed to analysis the diagnostic role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in superficial lymphadenopathy in a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India.Methods: A total 1129 cases were retrieved from the hospital record retrospectively from the patients who had presented with superficial lymphadenopathy from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: Out of 1129 lymphadenopathy cases, 671 (59.43%) were male and 458 (40.56%) were female with male to female ratio 1.46:1. The age of the patients ranged from 4 years to 83 years with mean age 48.57 years. The most common site was observed in cervical lymph node 493 (43.66%) followed by submandibuar lymph nodes 198 (17.53%) and supraclavicular lymph nodes 172 (15.23%). 584 (51.27%) were malignant and 545 (48.27%) were benign. Reactive hyperplasia was most common 318 (58.34%) among benign cases where as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was the most common 261 (50.77%) among malignant lesions. By FNAC all benign lesions were correctly diagnosed, and primary sites of malignancy identified in 442 (85.59%) cases. Cyto-histo correlation was done in 399 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was found to be   93.98%, sensitivity 93.88%, specificity 94.64%, positive predictive value 99.8% and negative predictive value 71.62%.Conclusions: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific tool for early detecting primary malignancy and metastatic lesions. Many inflammatory lesions can be treated based on FNAC alone