Table Detection in the Wild: A Novel Diverse Table Detection Dataset and Method

Recent deep learning approaches in table detection achieved outstanding performance and proved to be effective in identifying document layouts. Currently, available table detection benchmarks have many limitations, including the lack of samples diversity, simple table structure, the lack of training cases, and samples quality. In this paper, we introduce a diverse large-scale dataset for table detection with more than seven thousand samples containing a wide variety of table structures collected from many diverse sources. In addition to that, we also present baseline results using a convolutional neural network-based method to detect table structure in documents. Experimental results show the superiority of applying convolutional deep learning methods over classical computer vision-based methods. The introduction of this diverse table detection dataset will enable the community to develop high throughput deep learning methods for understanding document layout and tabular data processing.Comment: Open source Table detection dataset and baseline result

Study of serum homocysteine level in cases of non-diabetic ischemic stroke

Background: Aim of the study was to measure serum homocysteine levels in non-diabetic ischemic stroke and to co-relate its significance with other risk factors of ischemic stroke. It was a case control study.Methods: The study was done in the Department of Medicine, VSS.I.M.S.A.R, Burla, Odisha. 42 patients of non-diabetic ischemic and 42 age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Adults above the age of 18 years who were non-diabetic presenting with first-ever ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT scan of brain were included. Diabetic patients, haemorrhagic stroke, suspected embolic stroke, patients on vitamin supplementations, chronic usage of phenytoin were excluded. Routine investigations, fasting serum lipid profile and serum homocysteine levels were done.Results: Mean serum homocysteine level in ischemic stroke patients were found to be much higher (25.83 micro mol/L) in comparison to control group (9.77 micro mol/L) which is statistically significant. Mean serum homocysteine levels were found to be higher in patients with age group of more than 60 years, male sex, sedentary lifestyle, vegetarian diet, hypertensive patients and patient with normal fasting lipid profile. Statistical analysis for significance of difference was done using Chi-Square test with Yate’s correction.Conclusions: A statistically significant correlation was found between all the studied risk factors among non-diabetic patients and serum homocysteine levels. Estimation of serum homocysteine is advisable in all cases of non-diabetic ischemic strokes to know the prognosis

P53 tumor suppressor gene mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in India

Background: Specific mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported from several parts of the world, but to the authors' knowledge to date the status of this gene has not been studied in HCC patients in India, where HCC is one of the major cancers and the frequency of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B1 is very high. The most frequent mutation of the p53 gene in HCC is an AGGArg to AGTSer missense mutation at codon 249 of exon 7. Methods: Liver biopsy specimens from 21 HCC patients and 10 healthy controls were obtained through surgery or by needle biopsy technique. Phenol-chloroform-extracted DNA specimens were employed for the detection of HBV infection and p53 gene mutations. Nucleotide mutations of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand confirmation polymorphism, and direct sequencing. Third-generation sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the serologic detection of HBV and HCV infection. Results: Analysis of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene revealed only 3 mutations (3 of 21 specimens, 14.28%; 95% confidence interval, -0.7-29.3), 2 mutations at codon 249 showing G→T transversions, and 1 mutation (4.7%) at codon 250 with a C→T transition. The base substitutions at the third base of codon 249 resulted in a missense mutation leading to a change in amino acid from arginine to serine whereas at codon 250 it caused a change from proline to serine. Dot blot hybridization and PCR for HBV DNA from HCCs revealed 58.8% (10 of 17 specimens) and 90.47% (19 of 21 specimens), positivity, respectively. ELISA for hepatitis B virus surface antigen in serum showed a positivity of 71.42% (15 of 21 specimens), but there was only 40% positivity (8 of 20 specimens) for hepatitis B virus envelope antigen whereas 6 of 17 patients (35.29%) showed the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B virus envelope protein. No patient was found to be positive for the HCV antibody. Conclusions: The very low frequency of p53 mutations and the extremely high frequency of HBV infection (> 90%) in HCC indicate that the mutations in the p53 gene frequently found in HCC reported from different endemic areas of the world may not play a direct role in the development of HCC in India. HBV infection and, possibly, exposure to the dietary aflatoxin B1 appear to play major roles in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC in India

Increased incidence of glomerulonephritis following spleno-renal shunt surgery in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis

Increased incidence of glomerulonephritis following spleno-renal shunt surgery in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. In a prospective study of 200 non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) patients, 7% had mild proteinuria and their renal biopsies showed mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mes-PGN). The remaining 93% biopsies were normal. However, following the insertion of a spleno-renal shunt (SRS) for portal hypertension 32% of these patients developed nephrotic syndrome in five years. Renal histology revealed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN) (18.5%), mes-PGN (9%), minimal change nephropathy (3%), and chronic sclerosing GN (1.5%). Immunofluorescence showed granular deposition of IgA and C3. IgA2 was the predominant form of Ig in the glomerular deposits, indicating that IgA in the immune complexes was derived from the gastrointestinal tract. Electron microscopy revealed electron dense deposits in the mesangium. In contrast to the NCPF patients who underwent a SRS for portal hypertension, the 200 patients in our study who underwent spleno-renal shunting because of extra hepatic portal obstruction did not have renal disease, nor did they develop renal disease during the five-year post-operative follow-up. Fifty percent of the glomerulonephritis (GN) in the NCPF group progressed to renal failure in five years; 46.6% continued to have proteinuria. Low serum complement, C3 (40%) and circulating immune complexes (14.8%) were detected in the glomerulonephritis group. Our study shows that: (i) there is a high rate of the occurrence of GN following SRS in NCPF patients, but not in those with normal livers; (ii) the type of GN is primarily IgA nephropathy; and (iii) the GN could be the result of defective hepatic reticuloendothelial function in the NCPF group that is worsened by the shunting procedure

Preparation and characterization of cobalt oxide by electrochemical technique

Cobalt oxide was prepared from synthetic cobalt nitrate solutions through two step process; electrolysis of cobalt nitrate solution to produce cobalt hydroxide and then preparation of cobalt oxide by calcination of cobalt hydroxide. Cathodic reduction of cobalt nitrate solution at pH ~4 with a cobalt concentration of 28g/L at a current density of 200A/m 2 lead to formation of β -Co(OH) 2 with a current efficiency of 41%. On increasing current density, the current efficiency has increased and reached a maxima of 59% at an applied current density of 500 A/m 2 . The effect of Co(II) concentration was studied and found that with increase in Co(II) concentration from 28g/ L to 42 g/L the current efficiency increased to 59% at an applied current density of 200 A/m 2 . The β -cobalt hydroxide when calcined at 300°C the corresponding β -Co 3 O 4 was obtained. The morphology and structure of both the cobalt hydroxide and oxide were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the discharge capacity of cobalt oxide was measured