Fiscal Performance of Special Category States in India: A Case Study of Tripura State Finance

Deteriorating fiscal health at both central and state level is one of the major concerns in India. In this context, to maintain fiscal discipline at the state level many measures have been adopted .The states have initiated fiscal reforms to bring fiscal discipline at the state level. Even the special category state which gets more grants than the general category states because of their special problems have enacted fiscal responsibility and budget management act to maintain fiscal discipline. With this background this study is an attempt to measure the fiscal performance of a special category state i.e., Tripura by evaluating its performance over the time period 1990-91 to 2009-10 to see whether the fiscal performance of this state is improving or not after implementing the fiscal reform program. The paper has developed a composite index known as Tripura Fiscal Performance Index (TFPI).It is observed that the fiscal performance as a whole is improving after implementing the FRBM Act. The year 2007-08 is the best fiscal performance year. However the state should maintain its fiscal discipline in terms of deficit management and own revenue augmentation to have sustainable long term financial stability

Quest of dynamic linkages between monetary factors and food inflation in India

This study attempts to investigate the dynamic linkages between the monetary factor and food inflation from an Indian macroeconomic perspective, based on time series data from 1991 to 2022. The outcome of the present investigation reveals that a narrow and broad money supply have a significant impact on food inflation. Furthermore, the result of causality analysis in current research reveals that a narrow money supply does not cause food prices to rise in the short run. However, the broad money does. Finally, the relevant outcome reveals that both narrow and broad money supplies jointly cause food inflation in India. In terms of policy implications, current research emphasises the role of monetary factors in controlling food inflation in the context of India

A CORRELATIVE STUDY ON SPINDLE CELL SARCOMA WITH CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL GRADING BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS IN AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: Spindle cell sarcomas constitute an important component of soft tissue sarcomas, where accurate grading is more important than histologic subtypes to plan treatment strategies and determine prognosis. To assess whether histologic criteria for grading sarcomas could be applied to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens of adult spindle cell sarcomas without knowledge of sarcoma subtypes. Furthermore, correlate this grading with histologic Federation Nationale Des Centres de lutte contre le cancer (FNCLCC) grading system and find out the percentage of accuracy of FNAB grading. Methods: Hundred cases were studied by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), among them 50 cases found to be spindle cell sarcoma; in only 42 cases surgical specimens were available. Each aspiration being spread into two or more slides. Subsequently, biopsy was done and studied. Technique used - grading of FNAB specimens and corresponding surgical specimens. Result: Grading of FNAB specimens done taking into account four parameters - nuclear atypia, nuclear variation (nuclear contour, chromatin, nucleoli, and nuclear overlap), mitotic figure, and necrosis. Grading of surgical specimens done by FNCLCC system. The overall results were correlated for both FNAC and biopsy concordance and statistically analyzed. From there the sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 95.23% and 80.76%, respectively. Conclusion: Histologic criteria for grading sarcomas in adults could be applied to FNAC specimens of spindle cell sarcomas with 88% accuracy. While comparing the diagnosis given by FNAC and biopsy, it revealed the true positive were 40 cases, true negative 42 cases, false positive 10 cases, and false negative (FN) 2 cases.Â

Controlled defect production in monolayer MoS2 via electron irradiation at ultralow accelerating voltages

Control on spatial location and density of defects in 2D materials can be achieved using electron beam irradiation. Conversely, ultralow accelerating voltages (less than or equal to 5kV) are used to measure surface morphology, with no expected defect creation. We find clear signatures of defect creation in monolayer (ML) MoS2 at these voltages. Evolution of E' and A1' Raman modes with electron dose, and appearance of defect activated peaks indicate defect formation. To simulate Raman spectra of MoS2 at realistic defect distributions, while retaining density-functional theory accuracy, we combine machine-learning force fields for phonons and eigenmode projection approach for Raman tensors. Simulated spectra agree with experiments, with sulphur vacancies as suggested defects. We decouple defects, doping and carbonaceous contamination using control (hBN covered and encapsulated MoS2) samples. We observe cryogenic PL quenching and defect peaks, and find that carbonaceous contamination does not affect defect creation. These studies have applications in photonics and quantum emitters.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, 4 table

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Fiscal Performance of Special Category States in India: A Case Study of Tripura State Finance

Deteriorating fiscal health at both central and state level is one of the major concerns in India. In this context, to maintain fiscal discipline at the state level many measures have been adopted .The states have initiated fiscal reforms to bring fiscal discipline at the state level. Even the special category state which gets more grants than the general category states because of their special problems have enacted fiscal responsibility and budget management act to maintain fiscal discipline. With this background this study is an attempt to measure the fiscal performance of a special category state i.e., Tripura by evaluating its performance over the time period 1990-91 to 2009-10 to see whether the fiscal performance of this state is improving or not after implementing the fiscal reform program. The paper has developed a composite index known as Tripura Fiscal Performance Index (TFPI).It is observed that the fiscal performance as a whole is improving after implementing the FRBM Act. The year 2007-08 is the best fiscal performance year. However the state should maintain its fiscal discipline in terms of deficit management and own revenue augmentation to have sustainable long term financial stability.Fiscal Discipline, Composite Fiscal Performance Index, FRBM Act

Forecasting financial time series using a low complexity recurrent neural network and evolutionary learning approach

The paper presents a low complexity recurrent Functional Link Artificial Neural Network for predicting the financial time series data like the stock market indices over a time frame varying from 1 day ahead to 1 month ahead. Although different types of basis functions have been used for low complexity neural networks earlier for stock market prediction, a comparative study is needed to choose the optimal combinations of these for a reasonably accurate forecast. Further several evolutionary learning methods like the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and modified version of its new variant (HMRPSO), and the Differential Evolution (DE) are adopted here to find the optimal weights for the recurrent computationally efficient functional link neural network (RCEFLANN) using a combination of linear and hyperbolic tangent basis functions. The performance of the recurrent computationally efficient FLANN model is compared with that of low complexity neural networks using the Trigonometric, Chebyshev, Laguerre, Legendre, and tangent hyperbolic basis functions in predicting stock prices of Bombay Stock Exchange data and Standard & Poor’s 500 data sets using different evolutionary methods and has been presented in this paper and the results clearly reveal that the recurrent FLANN model trained with the DE outperforms all other FLANN models similarly trained

IoT : Security & Challenges of 5G Network in Smart Cities

The fifth era (5G) will overwhelm in the brilliant urban areas where 5G gives every one of the offices most extreme security and privacy. As to administrations, superfluous mishap rates are expanding with digital assaults also, dangers. All security issues for 5 G-based framework will confront many difficulties like secure transportation administrations which is one of the 2030 drives in quite a large number nations. Safeguarding the infrastructure is then extremely significant of 5G-empowered IoT sharing of information against these assaults. This requires the analysts working in this space to propose different sorts of safety conventions under various kinds of classes, as key administration, client validation/gadget confirmation, access control/client access control, and interruption discovery. As the interest for portable information develops, versatile administrators and makers are confronted with a problem. There is a limited measure of radio recurrence range accessible at any one second, yet to satisfy client interest, they should further develop limit and convey higher correspondence rates. This paper gives bits of knowledge into the basic issues and challenges connected with the security, protection, and trust issues of 5G network

Nanostructured GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for catalyst-free low-temperature CO sensing

The use of expensive catalysts (e.g. platinum) and high operation temperature ( > 300 degrees C) has plagued the cost-effectiveness and thereby the commercialization of III-Nitride semiconductors based gas sensing technology. Inadequate research on the development of catalyst-free room-temperature CO sensing using GaN based structures is the critical reason behind the subjugation of this area. Therefore, in the present article, we aimed the development of GaN & AlGaN/GaN heterostructure based gas sensors for catalyst-free low-temperature CO sensing (at 100 ppm). To explore the underlying science behind such mechanism, the morphological, electronic and electrical properties of the devices were thoroughly investigated. The analysis revealed that CO sensing on GaN (and AlGaN/GaN heterostructure) is governed via the chemical nature of ambient-oxidation induced amorphous oxide layer (O-2(-), O2- or OH(- )species), which acts as donor/acceptor state at the surface. Besides, the critical device parameters like Schottky barrier height and electron accumulation associated with series resistance and leakage current (forward/reverse) displayed significant variation with temperature (27-250 degrees C) and perturbed the effective carrier transport/collection and ultimately the device efficiency. The study demonstrates that nanostructured surfaces can open avenues for the development of catalyst-free room temperature operating III-Nitride semiconductor based CO sensors