75 research outputs found
Chemical control of polar behavior in bicomponent short-period superlattices
Using first-principles density functional calculations, we study the
interplay of ferroelectricity and polar discontinuities in a range of 1-1 oxide
superlattices, built out of ferroelectric and paraelectric components. Studies
have been carried out for a varied choice of chemical composition of the
components. We find that, when polar interfaces are present, the polar
discontinuities induce off- centric movements in the ferroelectric layers, even
though the ferroelectric is only one unit cell thick. The distortions yield
non-switchable polarizations, with magnitudes comparable to those of the
corresponding bulk ferroelectrics. In contrast, in superlattices with no polar
discontinuity at the interfaces, the off-centric movements in the ferroelectric
layer are usually suppressed. The details of the behavior and functional
properties are, however, found to be sensitive to epitaxial strain, rotational
instabilities and second-order Jahn-Teller activity, and are therefore strongly
in uenced by the chemical composition of the paraelectric layer.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Origin of Magnetism and trend in in Cr-based double perovskites: Interplay of two driving mechanisms
Employing first principles density functional calculations, together with
solution of the low-energy, model Hamiltonian constructed in a first principles
manner, we explored the origin of magnetism and trend in Cr-based double
perovskite series, SrCrBO (B=W/Re/Os). Our study shows that the
apparently puzzling trend in SrCrBO (B=W/Re/Os) series can
be understood in terms of the interplay of the hybridization driven mechanism
and the super-exchange mechanism.Comment: to be appeared in Phys. Rev.
Size control of Charge-Orbital Order in Half-Doped Manganite, LaCaMnO
Motivated by recent experimental results, we study the effect of size
reduction on half-doped manganite, LaCaMnO, using the
combination of density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean field theory
(DMFT). We find that upon size reduction, the charge-ordered antiferromagnetic
phase, observed in bulk, to be destabilized, giving rise to the stability of a
ferromagnetic metallic state. Our theoretical results, carried out on
defect-free nanocluster in isolation, establish the structural changes that
follow upon size reduction to be responsible for this. Our study further points
out the effect of size reduction to be distinctively different from application
of hydrostatic pressure. Interestingly, our DFT+DMFT study, additionally,
reports the correlation-driven stability of charge-orbitally ordered state in
bulk LaCaMnO, even in absence of long range magnetic order.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Physical Review Letter
Electronic Structure, Phonons and Dielectric Anomaly in Ferromagnetic Insulating Double Perovskite La2NiMnO6
Using first-principles density functional calculations, we study the
electronic and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic insulating
double-perovskite compound La2NiMnO6, which has been reported to exhibit
interesting magnetic field sensitive dielectric anomaly as a function of
temperature. Our study reveals existence of very soft infra-red active phonons
that couple strongly with spins at the Ni and Mn sites through modification of
the super-exchange interaction. We suggest that these modes are the origin for
observed dielectric anomaly in La2NiMnO6.Comment: 4 pages,3 figure
Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women attending in outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous, multifactorial, complex genetic disorder. Most commonly, it affects the females of reproductive age. This is one of the most widespread diseases across the world and if left untreated, may result in infertility and even uterine cancer. Methods: A cross sectional observation study of 100 PCOS patients was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019 in gynecology out-patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Dhaka. In this study clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of these patients were analyzed and correlation was done between clinical features and biochemical and hormonal profile. Results: The prevalence of PCOS was 6.11% in the gynecology out-patient visits and 35.39% among infertile women. The mean age group of the patients was 24.3±5.16 SD. The mean BMI was 24.66±5.34 SD. The mean duration of infertility was 5.17 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was 15.0%. In this study menstrual irregularity was the most common complaint. Spearman’s correlation between various clinical and laboratory parameters showed positive correlation exists between BMI and testosterone (r=0.4824; p<0.0001).Conclusions: The study showed that most of our polycystic ovary syndrome subjects were present with oligomenorrhea. Hirsutism and central obesity were also common presentation. Obese women with PCOS had more severe ovulatory dysfunction and need more attention for their appropriate management.
An LL-norm compressive sensing paradigm for the construction of sparse predictive lattice models using mixed integer quadratic programming
First-principles based lattice models allow the modeling of ab initio
thermodynamics of crystalline mixtures for applications such as the
construction of phase diagrams and the identification of ground state atomic
orderings. The recent development of compressive sensing approaches for the
construction of lattice models has further enabled the systematic construction
of sparse physical models without the need for human intuition other than
requiring the compactness of effective cluster interactions. However,
conventional compressive sensing based on L1-norm regularization is strictly
only applicable to certain classes of optimization problems and is otherwise
not guaranteed to generate optimally sparse and transferable results, so that
the method can only be applied to some materials science applications. In this
paper, we illustrate a more robust L0L1-norm compressive-sensing method that
removes the limitations of conventional compressive sensing and generally
results in sparser lattice models that are at least as predictive as those
obtained from L1-norm compressive sensing. Apart from the theory, a practical
implementation based on state-of-the-art mixed-integer quadratic programming
(MIQP) is proposed. The robustness of our methodology is illustrated for four
different transition-metal oxides with relevance as battery cathode materials:
Li2xTi2(1-x)O2, Li2xNi2yO2, MgxCr2O4, and NaxCrO2. This method provides a
practical and robust approach for the construction of sparser and more
predictive lattice models, improving on the compressive sensing paradigm and
making it applicable to a much broader range of applications.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure
Reducing unsafe menstrual regulation through medication in Bangladesh
The Population Council and Marie Stopes Bangladesh, in collaboration with the Directorate General of Family Planning and with funding from the World Health Organization, tested the feasibility of introducing menstrual regulation with medication (MRM) in Bangladesh and assessed the acceptability of providing MRM using the combination drug regimen mifepristone and misoprostol in urban and rural public health facilities. As reported in this policy brief, the study demonstrates that it is feasible and safe to introduce MRM in rural and urban public health facilities. Given the choice, almost two-thirds of women preferred MRM to manual vacuum aspiration and women receiving MRM reported being satisfied or very satisfied with their quality of care. The report recommends that the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and its partners work together to train providers and to procure the medical commodities to introduce MRM as an option for menstrual regulation in health facilities nationwide
Risk factors associated with post cesarean surgical site wound infection in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Bangladesh
Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in hospitals. Surgical site infections are a common complication after a caesarean section (C-section) and mainly responsible for increased maternal mortality and morbidity, the dissatisfaction of patients, longer hospital stays as well as higher treatment costs.
Methods: This prospective cohort was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh included 400 women (247 emergency CS, 153 elective CS) from September 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected through consent, medical record reviews, and questionnaires. SSI risk factors were assessed, and wound examinations were conducted before discharge. STATA 14.0 was used for analysis. Participants were educated about SSI symptoms and monitored for 30 days post-operation.
Results: Nulliparous individuals were more common in the emergency CS group (61.5% vs. 32% in Elective CS). Ruptured membranes were higher in emergency CS (71.7% vs. 2.6% in elective CS). Prophylactic antibiotic usage differed significantly (88.7% in emergency CS vs. 3.9% in elective CS). Post-discharge wound infections were more prevalent in emergency CS (10.53% vs. 2.61% in elective CS). No significant differences were found in other parameters. High-risk factors included BMI >30 and operation time ≥45 min.
Conclusion: SSI rates may be underestimated with limited hospital observation. Prolonged operation times (>38 min) and high BMI (>30) significantly increased SSI risk. Identifying high-risk subgroups and administering antibiotics accordingly can help prevent SSI and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use
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