Architectural planning of Minia mosques

Minia  maintains twenty-four archaeological mosques adopt several models follows: the local architectural planning between the courtyard and open riwaqs, and planning with naves without courtyard. There are four mosques take planning component of the courtyard and riwaqs ranging in date from the Fatimid age, and twenty mosques planning to take the naves and overdraft without a courtyard ranging in date from the Fatimid and Muhammad Ali ages includes one mosque with five naves, eleven mosques with four naves, five mosques of three naves and three Mosques of two naves. The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the architectural planning of the mosques in Minia governorate, which was one of the most important provinces in Upper Egypt, in the architectural heritage, The variables of comparison where mosques have been established since the Arab conquest of Egypt has maintained were noted in the planning and architectural elements, while in the mosques of the renovation and reconstruction in many periods, it retained Architectural assets, which was mostly to the Fatimid age, also found that the mosque has seen the upswing in the Mamluk and Ottoman ages. Whether the planning with open Riwaqs around the courtyard or naves without courtyard, and the development of the architectural elements which include facades and entrances, minarets and arches. The research, in the methodology followed, based on the identification of the architectural planning stages of the development of the mosques on: 1. The descriptive approach through the study of architectural planning and follows this through different ages. 2. The analytical and comparative approach by the various characteristics of the models and patterns of architectural planning and comparative study with a number of mosques

Effect of Pair Housing Versus Individual and Group Housing on Behavioural Patterns of Buffalo Calves

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pair housing versus individual and group housing on behavioural patterns of female buffalo calves (n = 18; 15.0±3.0 days of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments of group housing with (C1=one calf/pen, C2=two calves/pen, or C3= three calves/pen) supplying a total pen space allowance of 1.82 m2 /calf, regardless of pen size. Behaviour was recorded by direct observation throughout the day from 10:00 to 14:00 clock, during a single day each week for 12 weeks using scan sampling every 15 min within 4 hours’ observation sessions. Calves housed in C2 group showed more (P ≤ 0.05) eating and drinking, chewing/ruminating, object manipulation and self grooming, lying activities, and less (P < 0.05) inactivity and standing when compared to calves housed in C1 and C3 groups. In conclusion, raising buffalo calves in paired housing system provided calves more opportunity to express their comfort, grooming, and feeding activities compared to individual and group housing system, however further investigation is still required to study the effect of paired housing system on the performance and physiological indicators in buffalo calves

Preparation, Characterization and X-ray Crystal Structures of New Axially Functionalized Phthalocyanines and Phthalocyanine Modified SBA-15 Materials

We investigated the typical metathetical reaction patterns of PcTiO with arylisocyanates aiming at the synthesis of its isoelectronic compounds (PcTiX; X = S, Se, NR, etc). Furthermore novel organoimido compounds of the general formula [PcM(NR)Cl] (M = Mo, W, Re; R = tBu, Mes) were prepared using the typical fusion reaction of phthalonitrile (PN) in the presence of metal complex [M(NR)2Cl2(dme)] (M = Mo, W; R = tBu, Mes) or [Re(NR)3Cl] (M = Re; R = tBu, Mes). The prepared compounds were characterized by MS, EA, UV-VIS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, etc. The crystal structures of some prepared compounds have been solved. When the (PcTiO) oligomer was refluxed with 2,6-diisopropyl-phenylisocyanate in DMF, the corresponding oligomer containing the imido ligand was obtained. Similarly, the reaction of TCB with [Mo(NMes)2Cl2(dme)] produces a phthalocyanine pentamer pocessing the [Mo(NMes)Cl] functionality. The time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried out for PcTiO and N,N`-di-4-tolylureato(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV). PcTi@SBA-15 and PcTi&TiOx@SBA-15 materials have been prepared by impregnation of the [TiPc] selectively in the pores of SBA-15 and TiOx@SBA-15 templates