Enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, in human plasma via micelle-mediated approach

Purpose: To quantify the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, in human plasma and bulk powder by highly sensitive micellar enhanced spectrofluorimetric procedure.Method: The developed procedure was based on measuring the fluorescence intensity of crizotinib (CRZ) in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micellar system at 404 nm after excitation at 271 nm. Validation of the developed procedure was carried out following ICH (International Council for Harmonization) guidelines.Results: Maximum fluorescence intensity (FI) was attained by addition of 0.2 mL SDS and 0.2 mL HCl (1N) to CRZ aliquots and then dilution with distilled water. There was a linear relationship between the FI of CRZ and its concentration over the range, 5 – 400 ng/mL, with limit of detection and of quantification of 1.857 and 5.628 ng/mL respectively. The developed procedure was successfully applied to assay CRZ in pure powder form and spiked human plasma with mean recovery of 100.68 ± 0.37 and 99.98 ± 0.20 %, respectively.Conclusion: The developed procedure is simple and sensitive, and can be applied to routine analysis of CRZ in pure powder form as well as in clinical laboratories for the determination of CRZ in plasma.Keywords: Crizotinib, Spectrofluorimetry, Micelle, Human plasma, Sodium dodecyl sulphat

Spin observables for pion photoproduction on the deuteron in the Δ\Delta(1232)-resonance region

Spin observables for the three charge states of the pion for the pion photoproduction reaction on the deuteron, $\gamma d\to\pi NN$, with polarized photon beam and/or oriented deuteron target are predicted. For the beam-target double-spin asymmetries, it is found that only the longitudinal asymmetries $T_{20}^{\ell}$ and $T_{2\pm 2}^{\ell}$ do not vanish, whereas all the circular and the other longitudinal asymmetries do vanish. The sensitivity of spin observables to the model deuteron wave function is investigated. It has been found that only $T_{21}$ and $T_{22}$ are sensitive to the model deuteron wave function, in particular in the case of $\pi^0$-production above the $\Delta$-region, and that other asymmetries are not.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy

Polarization observables of the gamma d --> PiNN reaction in the Delta(1232)-resonance region

Polarization observables of the three charge states of the pion for the $\gamma d\to\pi NN$ reaction with polarized photon beam and/or oriented deuteron target are evaluated over the whole $\Delta$(1232)-resonance region adopting a nonrelativistic model based on time-ordered perturbation theory. Results for the $\pi$-meson spectra, linear photon asymmetry, vector and tensor target asymmetries are presented. Particular attention is given, for the first time, to double polarization asymmetries for which we present results for $T_{20}^{\ell}$ and $T_{2\pm 2}^{\ell}$. We found that all other double polarization asymmetries of photon and deuteron target are vanished.Comment: 17 Pages, 8 Figures, accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

The Cricothyroid Space: a Guide for Successful Thyroidectomy

ObjectiveThe frequent complications of thyroid surgery are mostly related to the anatomy of the region. This stimulated us to look for a starting point that makes exploration of the region easier and consequently reduces complications. We aimed to explore and define the anatomy of the cricothyroid (CT) region from cadaveric dissection and to present the outcome of 73 consecutive thyroidectomies starting from a space in the CT region.MethodsDissection in the thyroid gland region and creating a space in the CT region was performed on five cadavers (10 spaces), followed by 73 consecutive thyroidectomies through a standard approach beginning from the CT space.ResultsIn all cadavers, a space was easily created in the CT region. Vessels, nerves and the parathyroid glands were identified. Standard thyroidectomy starting from the CT space was performed on 73 patients. The external laryngeal nerve was seen in 40% of the cases. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified and preserved in all patients. Six patients had temporary hypocalcaemia and eight had a temporary voice change. None of the patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.ConclusionThe CT space is an avascular space medial to the thyroid lobe and is a good starting point for thyroidectomy that allows easy and safe exploration of the region. (Asian J Surg 2002;25(3): 226-31

The Teaching of Switched Mode Power Supplies - Design, Simulation and Practical Implementation for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students

© 2018 IEEE. The teaching of switched mode power supplies can be very challenging. For example, do we just teach the operation of the power supplies? Is teaching a topology enough to produce a graduate capable of designing power supplies for the highest specifications? Should we consider other details like EMI, thermal effects and packaging in the design? What will happen if we ignore them? Should these details be considered at the simulation stage, or only when it comes to manufacturing phase? This paper covers all the steps required for the design procedure of switched mode power supplies. The paper can be used in developing practical/simulation courses in power electronics for teaching the design of switched mode power supplies

Teaching English at Elementary Level: Quality Differences between Theory and Practice

This study examines the perceptions of the Kuwaiti elementary school teacher trainees of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and an attempt to identify areas that need to be improved in the elementary English teachers’ program at the CBE (College of Basic Education). The participants in this paper are one hundred and twenty six Kuwaiti teacher trainees of English who currently teach EFL through a practicum course in elementary public schools located in six school districts in the State of Kuwait. The data was collected through out the school year 2010/2012 by using a questionnaire which was filled out by the main classroom teachers as they were observing the EFL teachers' trainees in their classrooms. Based on the findings, the study has reported that teacher trainees with delight had the opportunity to work alongside a true mentor (classroom teacher), and most teacher trainees were satisfied with their performance. Key Words: Teacher trainee, Elementary stage, Practice, EFL Teachers, Curriculu

Mean parity of single quantum excitation of some optical fields in thermal environments

The mean parity (the Wigner function at the origin) of excited binomial states, excited coherent states and excited thermal states in thermal channel is investigated in details. It is found that the single-photon excited binomial state and the single-photon excited coherent state exhibit certain similarity in the aspect of their mean parity in the thermal channel. We show the negative mean parity can be regarded as an indicator of nonclassicality of single-photon excitation of optical fields with a little coherence, especially for the single-photon excited thermal states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex4; PACS numbers: 42.50.Dv, 03.65.Yz, 05.40.Ca; Three typo errors have been correcte