A Simple and Sensitive HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Sitagliptin Phosphate in Tablet Dosage Form

A simple, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of two antidiabetic drugs, metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, in tablet dosage form has been developed and validated. Chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates with butanol : water : glacial acetic acid (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v) as mobile phase. This system gave a good resolution for metformin hydrochloride ( value of 0.35 ± 0.01) and sitagliptin phosphate ( value of 0.75 ± 0.01). Detection and quantification were carried out at 227 nm. The linear regression data for the calibration plot showed a good relationship with and 0.9991 for metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, respectively. The method was validated for precision and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were 13.05 and 39.56 ng/μL for metformin hydrochloride and 2.65 and 8.03 ng/μL for sitagliptin phosphate, respectively. The amounts of the drugs in the marketed formulation were 99.86% and 98.91% for metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, respectively

Experimentelle und numerische Modellierung der hydraulischen Stabilität von geotextilen Sandcontainern für Küstenschutzwerke

More versatile materials and innovative solutions are required for the design of new, cost effective shore protection structures as well as for the reinforcement of existing threatened coastal barriers, including dune reinforcement and scour protection. Geotextile Sand Containers (GSC) is a relatively low cost, soft and reversible solution for the above problem with a history of more than 50 years in hydraulic and marine applications. Nevertheless, GSC is still an emerging technology and no proper guidelines are available for the design of GSC-structures on a sound scientific base. This PhD study attempts to evaluate the effect of the most important engineering properties of GSCs on the hydraulic stability of GSC-structures and to develop new formulae for the hydraulic stability of crest GSCs of submerged/low-crested GSC-structures. First, the present knowledge related to the engineering properties of GSCs and their effects on the stability of GSC-structures and the existing hydraulic stability formulae for GSC-structures were critically reviewed. Second, four series of especially designed laboratory experiments, which allowed us to have an insight into the influence of the above mentioned properties on the stability of GSC-structures and also to obtain the required parameters for the numerical modelling of their stability were performed. Experimental investigations consisted of two types of laboratory experiments (drop tests and pullout tests), small scale wave flume tests (hydraulic stability tests) and hydraulic flume tests (permeability tests). Third, numerical modelling of GSC-structures was conducted using the weakly coupled RANS-VOF model and FEM-DEM models. Finally, combining both the experimental and numerical results, new stability curves and simple formulae were developed for the hydraulic stability of crest GSCs. This newly developed stability curves and stability formulae are expected to foster the applications of GSC structures for coastal protection.Vielseitige und innovative Lösungen für die Bemessung effektiver Küstenschutzbauwerke sowie Verstärkung existierender, bedrohter Küstenbarrieren werden benötigt. Dies beinhaltet auch Dünenverstärkungen und Kolkschutzmaßnahmen. Sandcontainer aus Geotextilien (GSC) sind eine günstige, flexible und reversible Lösung, die schon mehr als 50 Jahre im marinen und wasserbaulichen Bereich Anwendung findet. Trotzdem befinden sich GSCs immer noch in der Entwicklung und es sind bisher keine Richtlinien zur Bemessung von GSC-Bauwerken auf Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse vorhanden. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist fokussiert auf die Evaluierung der Einflüsse der wichtigsten Eigenschaften auf die hydraulische Stabilität von GSC-Bauwerken sowie der Entwicklung eines neuen Ansatzes zur Vorhersage der hydraulischen Stabilität von Kronen-GSCs von Unterwasser- bzw. sehr niedrigen GSC- Bauwerken. Zunächst wurde der Wissensstand zu den betreffenden Eigenschaften von GSCs und ihrem Einfluss auf die Stabilität von GSC-Bauwerken und bestehende hydraulische Stabilitätsansätze kritisch bewertet. Anschließend wurden vier speziell entwickelte Experimente durchgeführt, welche Einblick in den Einfluss der oben genannten Eigenschaften auf GSC-Bauwerke gewährte und die Randbedingung für die numerische Modellierung der Stabilität festlegte. Unterschiedliche Arten von Experimenten wurden durchgeführt: zwei Laborexperimente (Fall- und Zugversuche), kleinmaßstäbliche Wellenkanalversuche (hydraulische Stabilität) und Versuche im Strömungskanal (Durchlässigkeit). Weiterhin wurden numerische Simulationen der GSC-Bauwerke mit Hilfe eines schwach gekoppelten RANS-VOF und FEM-DEM Modells durchgeführt. Zuletzt wurden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zusammengeführt und neue Stabilitätskurven und einfache Berechnungsansätze für die hydraulische Stabilität von Kronen-GSCs entwickelt

Genetically Induced Cholinergic Hyper-Innervation Enhances Taste Learning

Acute inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to impair many forms of simple learning, and notably conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The most adhered-to theory that has emerged as a result of this work – that ACh increases a taste’s perceived novelty, and thereby its associability – would be further strengthened by evidence showing that enhanced cholinergic function improves learning above normal levels. Experimental testing of this corollary hypothesis has been limited, however, by side-effects of pharmacological ACh agonism and by the absence of a model that achieves long-term increases in cholinergic signaling. Here, we present this further test of the ACh hypothesis, making use of mice lacking the p75 pan-neurotrophin receptor gene, which show a resultant over-abundance of cholinergic neurons in sub-regions of the basal forebrain (BF). We first demonstrate that the p75−/− abnormality directly affects portions of the CTA circuit, locating mouse gustatory cortex (GC) using a functional assay and then using immunohistochemisty to demonstrate cholinergic hyper-innervation of GC in the mutant mice – hyper-innervation that is unaccompanied by changes in cell numbers or compensatory changes in muscarinic receptor densities. We then demonstrate that both p75−/− and wild-type (WT) mice learn robust CTAs, which extinguish more slowly in the mutants. Further testing to distinguish effects on learning from alterations in memory retention demonstrate that p75−/− mice do in fact learn stronger CTAs than WT mice. These data provide novel evidence for the hypothesis linking ACh and taste learning

A Review on Extraction and Recommendation of Educational Resources from WWW

Keyphrases give a basic method for portraying a report, giving the peruser a few pieces of information about its substance. Wrapper adjustment goes for consequently adjusting a formerly took in wrapper from the source Web webpage to another concealed website for data extraction. It depends on a generative model for the age of content parts identified with characteristic things and designing information in a Web page. To take care of the wrapper adjustment issue, we consider two sorts of data from the source Web webpage. The principal sort of data is the extraction information contained in the already took in wrapper from the source Web webpage. The second sort of data is the beforehand separated or gathered things. Utilize a Bayesian learning way to deal with naturally select an arrangement of preparing cases for adjusting a wrapper for the new concealed site. To take care of the new property revelation issue, we build up a model which breaks down the encompassing content sections of the qualities in the new inconspicuous site. A Bayesian learning strategy is produced to find the new qualities and their headers. The direct broad investigations from various genuine Web locales to show the viability of our structure. Keyphrases can be helpful in a different applications, for example, recovery motors, perusing interfaces, thesaurus development, content mining and so on. There are likewise different errands for which keyphrases are helpful

Unraveling the cytotoxic potential of Temozolomide loaded into PLGA nanoparticles

BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology has received great attention since a decade for the treatment of different varieties of cancer. However, there is a limited data available on the cytotoxic potential of Temozolomide (TMZ) formulations. In the current research work, an attempt has been made to understand the anti-metastatic effect of the drug after loading into PLGA nanoparticles against C6 glioma cells. Nanoparticles were prepared using solvent diffusion method and were characterized for size and morphology. Diffusion of the drug from the nanoparticles was studied by dialysis method. The designed nanoparticles were also assessed for cellular uptake using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS: PLGA nanoparticles caused a sustained release of the drug and showed a higher cellular uptake. The drug formulations also affected the cellular proliferation and motility. CONCLUSION: PLGA coated nanoparticles prolong the activity of the loaded drug while retaining the anti-metastatic activity

Higher slaughter weight affects broiler meat quality and bird welfare

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of increasing broiler’s slaughter weight on, carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory evaluation, immunity, and welfare. Commercial strain “Vencobb-430” chicks (n=280) were randomly distributed among eight groups consisting of 35 chicks in each. The experimental birds were fed on commercial maize soya-based basal diet. The broiler chicks were reared for up to 48 days and slaughtered at a different live body weight of 1.0-1.2, 1.5-1.7, 2.1-2.2, 2.5-2.7, 2.8-3.0 and 3.3-3.5 (i.e 24, 28, 34, 39, 42 and 48- day slaughter day). The results revealed that dressing and breast % were significantly (P2.1 kg, an increasing trend of gait score and breast cleanliness was observed at each stage of slaughter weight. Based on the results, the broiler birds reared up to 2.1 to 2.2 kg live body weight resulted in better welfare, immune status, and meat quality parameters

The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Work Plan:Data-driven refinement of the Banff Classification for renal allografts

The XVIth Banff Meeting for Allograft Pathology was held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, from September 19 to 23, 2022, as a joint meeting with the Canadian Society of Transplantation. In addition to a key focus on the impact of microvascular inflammation and biopsy-based transcript analysis on the Banff Classification, further sessions were devoted to other aspects of kidney transplant pathology, in particular T cell–mediated rejection, activity and chronicity indices, digital pathology, xenotransplantation, clinical trials, and surrogate endpoints. Although the output of these sessions has not led to any changes in the classification, the key role of Banff Working Groups in phrasing unanswered questions, and coordinating and disseminating results of investigations addressing these unanswered questions was emphasized. This paper summarizes the key Banff Meeting 2022 sessions not covered in the Banff Kidney Meeting 2022 Report paper and also provides an update on other Banff Working Group activities relevant to kidney allografts.</p

The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Work Plan:Data-driven refinement of the Banff Classification for renal allografts

The XVIth Banff Meeting for Allograft Pathology was held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, from September 19 to 23, 2022, as a joint meeting with the Canadian Society of Transplantation. In addition to a key focus on the impact of microvascular inflammation and biopsy-based transcript analysis on the Banff Classification, further sessions were devoted to other aspects of kidney transplant pathology, in particular T cell–mediated rejection, activity and chronicity indices, digital pathology, xenotransplantation, clinical trials, and surrogate endpoints. Although the output of these sessions has not led to any changes in the classification, the key role of Banff Working Groups in phrasing unanswered questions, and coordinating and disseminating results of investigations addressing these unanswered questions was emphasized. This paper summarizes the key Banff Meeting 2022 sessions not covered in the Banff Kidney Meeting 2022 Report paper and also provides an update on other Banff Working Group activities relevant to kidney allografts.</p

Pharmacological Inhibition of Caspase and Calpain Proteases: A Novel Strategy to Enhance the Homing Responses of Cord Blood HSPCs during Expansion

Background: Expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a well-known strategy employed to facilitate the transplantation outcome. We have previously shown that the prevention of apoptosis by the inhibition of cysteine proteases, caspase and calpain played an important role in the expansion and engraftment of cord blood (CB) derived HSPCs. We hypothesize that these protease inhibitors might have maneuvered the adhesive and migratory properties of the cells rendering them to be retained in the bone marrow for sustained engraftment. The current study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of the homing responses of CB cells during expansion. Methodology/Principal Findings: CB derived CD34 + cells were expanded using a combination of growth factors with and without Caspase inhibitor-zVADfmk or Calpain 1 inhibitor- zLLYfmk. The cells were analyzed for the expression of homingrelated molecules. In vitro adhesive/migratory interactions and actin polymerization dynamics of HSPCs were assessed. In vivo homing assays were carried out in NOD/SCID mice to corroborate these observations. We observed that the presence of zVADfmk or zLLYfmk (inhibitors) caused the functional up regulation of CXCR4, integrins, and adhesion molecules, reflecting in a higher migration and adhesive interactions in vitro. The enhanced actin polymerization and the RhoGTPase protein expression complemented these observations. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed a significantly enhanced homing to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice