2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)-4,6-dimethyl­pyrimidine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H10N4, consists of two mol­ecules in which the dihedral angles between the planes of the imidazole and pyrimidine rings are 4.8 (1) and 2.1 (1)°

Anomalous quantum-critical scaling corrections in two-dimensional antiferromagnets

We study the N\'eel-paramagnetic quantum phase transition in two-dimensional dimerized $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnets using finite-size scaling of quantum Monte Carlo data. We resolve the long standing issue of the role of cubic interactions arising in the bond-operator representation when the dimer pattern lacks a certain symmetry. We find non-monotonic (monotonic) size dependence in the staggered (columnar) dimerized model, where cubic interactions are (are not) present. We conclude that there is an irrelevant field in the staggered model that is not present in the columnar case, but, at variance with previous claims, it is not the leading irrelevant field. The new exponent is $\omega_2 \approx 1.25$ and the prefactor of the correction $L^{-\omega_2}$ is large and comes with a different sign from that of the formally leading conventional correction with exponent $\omega_1 \approx 0.78$. Our study highlights the possibility of competing scaling corrections at quantum critical points.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the wsp gene of Wolbachia in three geographic populations of an oak gall wasp, Andricus mairei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), from Hunan, South China

To understand the effects of Wolbachia in Andricus mairei Kieffer , an oak gall wasp ( Cynipini, Cynipidae) that forms clusters of up to 30 monothalamous galls in the catkins of Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata Nakai, we examined the presence and infection frequency of Wolbachia in three widely separated geographic populations of A. mairei in Hunan Province, South China, using polymerase chain reaction and sequence determination of the wsp gene of Wolbachia from the three populations. Our survey results showed that Wolbachia infection rates were unusually high in the three test populations : 100% for the male wasps from all populations , while 100% , 100% and 80% for the Yueyang, Changsha and Shaoyang populations of the female wasps, respectively. The sequencing results showed that the gene from all the three populations is 561 bp in length. Comparison with the wsp gene sequences in A. mairei and Neuroterus macropterus , Biorhiza pallida , Andricus solitarius ( strain 1 ) and Synergus crassicornis revealed a 95% identity. The phylogenie relationship of Wolbachia strains in Cynipidae with the known wsp sequences indicated that the Wolbachia strain of A. mairei is closely related to that of N. macropterus , B. pallida, A. solitarius ( strain 1 ) , and S. crassicornis , and belongs to the A group. We also discovered strikingly male-biased sex ratios in all the test populations: females only accounted for 15.3%, 12. 1%, and 19. 8% of the Yueyang, Changsha, and Shaoyang populations, respectively, indicating the extremely male-biased sex ratios. These results suggest that the symbiosis of Wolbachia with A. mairei does not induce parthenogenesis in A. mairei, which can not be properly explained and is worth further investigation

A New Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea) Associated With Plant Galls on Castanopsis (Fagaceae) in China

A new cynipid species, Saphonecrus hupingshanensis Liu, Yang, et Zhu, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from China. This is the first species of the inquilinous tribe Synergini ever known to have an association with chinquapins (Fagaceae: Castanopsis). The biology and implication to species diversity of Cynipidae in eastern and southeast Asia are discussed

10-Ethyl-10H-phenothia­zine-3-carbaldehyde

In the title mol­ecule, C15H13NOS, the two benzene rings of the tricyclic fused-ring system are inclined at 21.1 (1)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [001]. The crystal packing also exhibits π–π inter­actions with a distance of 3.801 (5) Å between the centroids of the benzene rings of neighbouring mol­ecules

N-(4-Nitro­pheneth­yl)formamide

The title compound, C9H10N2O3, was synthesized by direct N-formyl­ation of 4-nitro­phenethyl­amine hydro­chloride with formic acid and sodium formate in the absence of catalyst and solvent. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter­actions into chains parallel to the a axis

Is Floppy Eyelid Syndrome More Prevalent in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients?

Controversial findings are reported about the relationship between floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether FES is more prevalent in OSAS patients by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed. Only studies related to the prevalence of FES in OSAS were included in the meta-analysis. We estimated a pooled odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of FES in OSAS. In total, 6 studies with 767 participants met the inclusion criteria. Using a fixed-effects model, the pooled OR was 4.12. The test for the overall effect revealed that FES was statistically prevalent in OSAS patients when compared with that in non-OSAS subjects (Z=4.98, p<0.00001). In the subgroup analysis by OSAS severity, the incidence of FES in OSAS increased with severity of OSAS as indicated with increased OR values (OR = 2.56, 4.62, and 7.64 for mild, moderate, and severe OSAS). In conclusion, the results indicate that FES is more prevalent in OSAS patients. However, this result was based only on unadjusted estimates. Prospective cohort studies are needed to determine whether OSAS is an independent risk factor for FES

Recent Advances on the Machine Learning Methods in Identifying DNA Replication Origins in Eukaryotic Genomics

The initiate site of DNA replication is called origins of replication (ORI) which is regulated by a set of regulatory proteins and plays important roles in the basic biochemical process during cell growth and division in all living organisms. Therefore, the study of ORIs is essential for understanding the cell-division cycle and gene expression regulation so that scholars can develop a new strategy against genetic diseases by using the knowledge of DNA replication. Thus, the accurate identification of ORIs will provide key clues for DNA replication research and clinical medicine. Although, the conventional experiments could provide accurate results, they are time-consuming and cost ineffective. On the contrary, bioinformatics-based methods can overcome these shortcomings. Especially, with the emergence of DNA sequences in the post-genomic era, it is highly expected to develop high throughput tools to identify ORIs based on sequence information. In this review, we will summarize the current progress in computational prediction of eukaryotic ORIs including the collection of benchmark dataset, the application of machine learning-based techniques, the results obtained by these methods, and the construction of web servers. Finally, we gave the future perspectives on ORIs prediction. The review provided readers with a whole background of ORIs prediction based on machine learning methods, which will be helpful for researchers to study DNA replication in-depth and drug therapy of genetic defect