Forecasting cosmological constraints from age of high-z galaxies

We perform Monte Carlo simulations based on current age estimates of high-z objects to forecast constraints on the equation of state (EoS) of the dark energy. In our analysis, we use two different EoS parameterizations, namely, the so-called CPL and its uncorrelated form and calculate the improvements on the figure of merit for both cases. Although there is a clear dependence of the FoM with the size and accuracy of the synthetic age samples, we find that the most substantial gain in FoM comes from a joint analysis involving age and baryon acoustic oscillation data.Comment: 4 pages, 13 figures, late

Observational constraints on late-time Lambda(t) cosmology

The cosmological constant, i.e., the energy density stored in the true vacuum state of all existing fields in the Universe, is the simplest and the most natural possibility to describe the current cosmic acceleration. However, despite its observational successes, such a possibility exacerbates the well known cosmological constant problem, requiring a natural explanation for its small, but nonzero, value. In this paper we study cosmological consequences of a scenario driven by a varying cosmological term, in which the vacuum energy density decays linearly with the Hubble parameter. We test the viability of this scenario and study a possible way to distinguish it from the current standard cosmological model by using recent observations of type Ia supernova (Supernova Legacy Survey Collaboration), measurements of the baryonic acoustic oscillation from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the position of the first peak of the cosmic microwave background angular spectrum from the three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.Comment: Some important revisions. To appear in Physical Review

Surface Effects on the Mechanical Elongation of AuCu Nanowires: De-alloying and the Formation of Mixed Suspended Atomic Chains

We report here an atomistic study of the mechanical deformation of AuxCu(1-x) atomic-size wires (NWs) by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out in order to obtain deeper insights on the dynamical properties of stretched NWs. The mechanical properties are significantly dependent on the chemical composition that evolves in time at the junction; some structures exhibit a remarkable de-alloying behavior. Also, our results represent the first experimental realization of mixed linear atomic chains (LACs) among transition and noble metals; in particular, surface energies induce chemical gradients on NW surfaces that can be exploited to control the relative LAC compositions (different number of gold and copper atoms). The implications of these results for nanocatalysis and spin transport of one-atom-thick metal wires are addressed.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Applied Physics (JAP

Crossovers from parity conserving to directed percolation universality

The crossover behavior of various models exhibiting phase transition to absorbing phase with parity conserving class has been investigated by numerical simulations and cluster mean-field method. In case of models exhibiting Z_2 symmetric absorbing phases (the NEKIMCA and Grassberger's A stochastic cellular automaton) the introduction of an external symmetry breaking field causes a crossover to kink parity conserving models characterized by dynamical scaling of the directed percolation (DP) and the crossover exponent: 1/\phi ~ 0.53(2). In case an even offspringed branching and annihilating random walk model (dual to NEKIMCA) the introduction of spontaneous particle decay destroys the parity conservation and results in a crossover to the DP class characterized by the crossover exponent: 1/\phi\simeq 0.205(5). The two different kinds of crossover operators can't be mapped onto each other and the resulting models show a diversity within the DP universality class in one dimension. These 'sub-classes' differ in cluster scaling exponents.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted version in PR

Gravitational Mesoscopic Constraints in Cosmological Dark Matter Halos

We present an analysis of the behaviour of the `coarse-grained' (`mesoscopic') rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a Lambda-CDM cosmological simulation. We find evidence that rank preservation depends on halo mass, in the sense that more massive halos show more rank preservation than less massive ones. We find that the most massive halos obey Arnold's theorem (on the ordering of the characteristic frequencies of the system) more frequently than less massive halos. This method may be useful to evaluate the coarse-graining level (minimum number of particles per energy cell) necessary to reasonably measure signatures of `mesoscopic' rank orderings in a gravitational system.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy Journa

Potencial produtivo e qualidade de frutos de novos híbridos de mamoeiro no Recôncavo baiano.

O Brasil tem expressiva participação na produção mundial, com um volume de produção, em 2007, de 1.811.535 toneladas de mamão (IBGE, 2009). A cultura é dispersa no território nacional, porém os estados com maiores volumes de produção são a Bahia e o Espírito Santo. A maior parte desta produção é das variedades Sunrise Solo, Golden, Calimosa e Tainung nº1. Para evitar possíveis problemas relacionados ao uso de poucos genótipos com restrita variabilidade genética, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novas linhagens e híbridos de mamoeiro. Com relação ao melhoramento genético, nos últimos anos, as estratégias e os objetivos utilizados para o desenvolvimento de variedades de mamoeiro, têm sido alteradas para atender às mudanças de mercado, principalmente quanto ao tipo e qualidade dos frutos (Magdalita et al., 2007). Com isso o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o potencial produtivo e as características relacionadas à qualidade de frutos de novos híbridos de mamoeiro.pdf 120

A supercritical series analysis for the generalized contact process with diffusion

We study a model that generalizes the CP with diffusion. An additional transition is included in the model so that at a particular point of its phase diagram a crossover from the directed percolation to the compact directed percolation class will happen. We are particularly interested in the effect of diffusion on the properties of the crossover between the universality classes. To address this point, we develop a supercritical series expansion for the ultimate survival probability and analyse this series using d-log Pad\'e and partial differential approximants. We also obtain approximate solutions in the one- and two-site dynamical mean-field approximations. We find evidences that, at variance to what happens in mean-field approximations, the crossover exponent remains close to $\phi=2$ even for quite high diffusion rates, and therefore the critical line in the neighborhood of the multicritical point apparently does not reproduce the mean-field result (which leads to $\phi=0$) as the diffusion rate grows without bound

Variação agronômica de novas linhagens de mamoeiro.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 42 linhagens de mamoeiro obtidas via seleção assistida por marcadores microssatélites, além de estimar a sua variabilidade quanto a características de importância agronômica. O experimento foi montado em delineamento de blocos aumentados, com quatro repetições e duas testemunhas comerciais (Sunrise e Tainung). Observou-se diferença significativa entre os genótipos avaliados para nove das dez características avaliadas. Os altos valores de herdabilidade e a predominância de efeitos genotípicos em relação aos ambientais indicam que a seleção para os caracteres avaliados pode ser promissora. Associado ao alto potencial produtivo e de qualidade de frutos, a análise de componentes principais (ACP) revelou ampla dispersão dos genótipos na análise gráfica, indicando considerável variação agronômica que pode ser explorada na obtenção de híbridos ou com uso das linhagens per se

Avaliação de produtividade de novas linhagens de mamoeiro.

O mamoeiro é uma cultura de expressiva importância para o Brasil, um dos principais produtores da fruta, com produção de 1,9 milhão de toneladas em 2008, participando com 20,8% do mercado mundial, de cerca 9,1 milhões de toneladas. Todavia, a sustentabilidade e expansão da cultura dependem do desenvolvimento de novos genótipos com características superiores. Apenas três cultivares dos grupos Solo ou Formosa ocupam a maior parte dos plantios comerciais, o que tem prejudicado o desenvolvimento da cultura, pelo aumento da vulnerabilidade ao ataque de pragas e doenças.PDF. 096_11