EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY CONCERNING THE EXTENT OF KORKHAUS AREA DAMAGE IN A SAMPLE OF PATIENTS TREATED IN A SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITARY DEPARTMENT

The aim of the study was to asses the primary teeth integrity from the Korkhaus zone in a sample of patients aged between 6 and 9 years old (72-108 months, mean age 88.43), attending the Paedodontics Department from Carol Davila University, Bucharest. Material and methods. The retrospective study was conducted on 140 patients (70 girls). Dental status of the Korkhaus teeth was evaluated: sound, decayed, filled, physiological rizalise and early extraction. The carious experience indices were also calculated for each sex: dmft, dmfs, DMFT, DMFS. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results. Korkhaus zone. Sounds (58.81%): c- 28.21%; m1-15.11%; m2-15.48%. Decayed (34.23%): c-3.33%; m1- 15%; m2-16%. Filled (2.26%): c-0%; m1-1.07%; m2- 1.2%. Physiological rizalise (2.32%): c-0.65%; m1- 1.37%; m2-0.3%. Early extraction (2.38%): c-1%; m1-0.77%; m2-0.5%. Carious experience. Girls: dmft 5.28±3.72; dmfs 11.62±10.64; DMFT 0.9±1.49; DMFS 1.07±1.76. Boys: dmft 4.98±3.92; dmfs 11.49±12.82; DMFT 0.67 ±1.13; DMFS 0.74±1.3. Conclusions. Only 60% from the Korkhaus teeth were sound. Girls were more affected by caries than boys. Immediate preventive local methods and the treatment of incipient carious lesions are important goals for the primary teeth from the Korkhaus zon

Formation and Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles in Bovine Serum Albumin Solution

The formation and growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigated in pH 7 buffer solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at room temperature. The processes were monitored by UV-Vis, circular dichroism, Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. TEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were used to evidence changes in particle size during nanoparticle formation and growth. The formation of AuNPs at pH 7 in the absence of BSA was not observed, which proves that the albumin is involved in the first step of Au(III) reduction. Changes in the EPR spectral features of two spin probes, CAT16 and DIS3, with affinity for BSA and AuNPs, respectively, allowed us to monitor the particle growth and to demonstrate the protective role of BSA for AuNPs. The size of AuNPs formed in BSA solution increases slowly with time, resulting in nanoparticles of different morphologies, as revealed by TEM. Raman spectra of BSA indicate the interaction of albumin with AuNPs through sulfur-containing amino acid residues. This study shows that albumins act as both reducing agents and protective corona of AuNPs

The Hydractinia echinata Test-System. III: Structure-Toxicity Relationship Study of Some Azo-, Azo-Anilide, and Diazonium Salt Derivatives

Structure-toxicity relationships for a series of 75 azo and azo-anilide dyes and five diazonium salts were developed using Hydractinia echinata (H. echinata) as model species. In addition, based on these relationships, predictions for 58 other azo-dyes were made. The experimental results showed that the measured effectiveness Mlog(1/MRC50) does not depend on the number of azo groups or the ones corresponding to metobolites, but it is influenced by the number of anilide groups, as well as by the substituents’ positions within molecules. The conformational analysis pointed out the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, especially the simple tautomerization of quinoidic (STOH) or aminoidic (STNH2) type. The effectiveness is strongly influenced by the “push-pull” electronic effect, specific to two hydroxy or amino groups separated by an azo moiety (double alternate tautomery, (DAT), to the –COOH or –SO3H groups which are located in ortho or para position with respect to the azo group. The levels of the lipophylic/hydrophilic, electronic and steric equilibriums, pointed out by the Mlog(1/MRC50) values, enabled the calculation of their average values Clog(1/MRC50) (“Köln model”), characteristic to one derivative class (class isotoxicity). The azo group reduction and the hydrolysis of the amido/peptidic group are two concurrent enzymatic reactions, which occur with different reaction rates and mechanisms. The products of the partial biodegradation are aromatic amines. No additive or synergic effects are noticed among them

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

© 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.Background: Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. Methods: We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. Results: The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl-1 and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl-1 after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). Conclusions: Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl-1), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold