Self-efficacy scale for Brazilians with type 1 diabetes

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is a public health problem and good glycemic control is able to prevent or contain its complications. Self-efficacy is a key factor in successfully achieving behavior goals. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the insulin management diabetes self-efficacy scale (IMDSES) on type 1 diabetes patients from southern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Validation study in two cities in southern Brazil. METHODS: The psychometric properties of IMDSES were evaluated in a population of type 1 diabetes patients (n = 213), from September to December 2004, who were attended within the Brazilian public healthcare system. Principal component analysis was conducted to develop the subscales. Cronbach’s alpha was used as the reliability coefficient. RESULTS: The analysis of psychometric properties resulted in an IMDSES consisting of 20 items and three subscales: diet (alpha: 0.83), insulin (alpha: 0.92) and general management (alpha: 0.78) and accounted for 53% of the variance. Criteria validity was investigated through two parameters: glycohemoglobin, which showed significant association with self-efficacy on the insulin subscale (p = 0.04), and the variable "adherence", which was significantly associated with self-efficacy on two subscales (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the IMDSES is valid and reliable, and can be used to measure results from diabetes educational programs and to measure self-efficacy relating to diabetes management, for possible interventions

Nutritional value of the straw of green maize for bovines Valor nutritivo da palha de milho verde para bovinos

The objective was evaluate the use of the straw of green maize, byproduct derived from green maize extraction process, by determining chemical composition; in situ dry matter and neutral detergent fiber; the index of forage value; estimative of dry matter digestibility, total digestible nutrients and net energy for lactation, as well as dry matter intake. Degradability in situ was performed in bovines fistulated in rumen, at incubation time of 96h,72h, 48h, 24h, 12h, 9h, 6h, 3h, and 0h. A completely randomized design was used and effective degradability for DM and NDF at 2, 5 and 8% of passage rate were estimated. The index of forages value, estimative of the dry mater digestibility, total digestible nutrients and the liquid energy for lactation, as well as dry matter intake of this byproduct were reached by means of predicted equations. The results suggested an interesting profile for the use of byproduct of the straw of grain maize for feeding bovines compared to other feedstuffs with good quality.<br>O objetivo foi avaliar a utilização da palha de milho verde, co-produto do beneficiamento industrial do milho verde, para a alimentação de bovinos determinando-se a composição químico-bromatológica; a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro; o índice de valor forrageiro; e a estimava da digestibilidade da matéria seca, dos nutrientes digestíveis totais e da energia líquida para lactação, bem como do consumo de matéria seca desse alimento. Foram realizados ensaio em análises químico-bromatológicas e em degradabilidade in situ da palha de milho verde. A degradabilidade in situ foi realizada em bovinos fistulados no rúmen, utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e estimou-se a degradabilidade efetiva a 2, 5 e 8% de taxa de passagem. O índice de valor forrageiro; e a estimava da digestibilidade da matéria seca, dos nutrientes digestíveis totais e da energia líquida para lactação, bem como do consumo de matéria seca desse alimento foram obtidas por meio de equações de predição. Foram obtidos dados que sugerem perfil interessante para a utilização do co-produto PMV na alimentação de bovinos em comparação a outros alimentos tidos como de boa qualidade, levando-se em consideração suas característas intrínsecas como co-produto e a sua utilização para esse fim