Proton Shift Additivity And Substituent Interaction Parameters

The 4-substituted acetophenone family is characterized and its shifts are correlated with those of nine families of 1, 4-disubstituted benzenes reported previously. Then a simple mathematical model is derived to account for the proton magnetic resonance shifts within families of 1, 4-disubstituted benzenes. The model suggests that the substituents interact by σ-bond polarization. The polarization model rationalizes shift additivity and is consistent with the qualitative relationship between the number of valence electrons on a substituent and its capacity to induce shifts. © 1977, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Use of the EPIC model to predict runoff transport of surface-applied inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure constituents

The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was applied to four fields established in 'tall' fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in northwestern Arkansas to predict runoff and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment. Fertilizer form varied among the fields with two receiving inorganic fertilizer, one receiving poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter, and one receiving poultry manure. Soil and grazing parameters also differed among fields. Runoff and nutrient/sediment transport observed over 20 months were compared to EPIC predictions generated without calibration. Significant correlation between event predictions and observations were found in half the cases. There was significant correlation between observed and predicted calendar year total transport for all outputs except nitrate-nitrogen. The findings indicate that EPIC can accurately reflect runoff quality trends when executed without calibration for pasture fields in northwestern Arkansas

Excited states of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap

The low-lying hydrodynamic normal modes of a dilute Bose-Einstein gas in an isotropic harmonic trap determine the corresponding Bogoliubov amplitudes. In the Thomas-Fermi limit, these modes have large low-temperature occupation numbers, and they permit an explicit construction of the dynamic structure function $S(q,\omega)$. The total noncondensate number $N'(0)$ at zero temperature increases like $R^6$, where $R$ is the condensate radius measured in units of the oscillator length. The lowest dipole modes are constructed explicitly in the Bogoliubov approximation.Comment: 15 pages, REVTE

The Role of Entrepreneur-Venture Fit in Online Home-based Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Literature Review

Home-based businesses and their founders represent an important, but under-researched facet of entrepreneurship. Far from being small, hobby-businesses with little economic impact, home-based business make significant contribution to national economies in terms of both turnover and employment. Online home-based businesses have been recognised as an important and distinct sector of the home-based business domain, offering unique opportunity for innovation and business diversity. The paper presents a systematic literature review of extant research on online home-based entrepreneurs and their businesses. The findings of the review are structured and discussed using the theoretical lens of entrepreneur-venture fit. Use of this lens allows the study to bring coherence to previously fragmented extant studies, providing a basis for future research in this domain. The study also develops a novel model of entrepreneur-venture fit in the specific case of online home-based businesses. This allows us to suggest five positive interactions between entrepreneurial and venture characteristics. It also allows us to suggest a number of previously unidentified negative interactions, which may result in entrepreneurs becoming ‘locked-in’ and suffering multiple sources of stress

Beaver Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan

The Beaver Lake basin is located in Northwest Arkansas, and includes portions of Washington, Madison, Benton, Carroll and Franklin counties. The White River is the :major tributary to Beaver lake, with minor tributaries including the Middle and West Forks of the Whi 1:e River, Richland Creek and War Eagle Creek. The basin encompassing 1,186 square miles of drainage area provides a usable storage capacity of 1.22 :million acre-feet, 300,000 of which are designated as flood control, the remainder is utilized for power generation and water supply. Beaver Lake is the water source for both the Beaver and Carroll County Water Districts. Ten recreational facilities hav\u27e been developed around the lake by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)

Parallel Evolution of Tetrodotoxin Resistance in Three Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Genes in the Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalis

Members of a gene family expressed in a single species often experience common selection pressures. Consequently, the molecular basis of complex adaptations may be expected to involve parallel evolutionary changes in multiple paralogs. Here, we use bacterial artificial chromosome library scans to investigate the evolution of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) family in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, a predator of highly toxic Taricha newts. Newts possess tetrodotoxin (TTX), which blocks Nav’s, arresting action potentials in nerves and muscle. Some Thamnophis populations have evolved resistance to extremely high levels of TTX. Previous work has identified amino acid sites in the skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4 that confer resistance to TTX and vary across populations. We identify parallel evolution of TTX resistance in two additional Nav paralogs, Nav1.6 and 1.7, which are known to be expressed in the peripheral nervous system and should thus be exposed to ingested TTX. Each paralog contains at least one TTX-resistant substitution identical to a substitution previously identified in Nav1.4. These sites are fixed across populations, suggesting that the resistant peripheral nerves antedate resistant muscle. In contrast, three sodium channels expressed solely in the central nervous system (Nav1.1–1.3) showed no evidence of TTX resistance, consistent with protection from toxins by the blood–brain barrier. We also report the exon–intron structure of six Nav paralogs, the first such analysis for snake genes. Our results demonstrate that the molecular basis of adaptation may be both repeatable across members of a gene family and predictable based on functional considerations

An Illustration of Inverse Probability Weighting to Estimate Policy-Relevant Causal Effects

Traditional epidemiologic approaches allow us to compare counterfactual outcomes under 2 exposure distributions, usually 100% exposed and 100% unexposed. However, to estimate the population health effect of a proposed intervention, one may wish to compare factual outcomes under the observed exposure distribution to counterfactual outcomes under the exposure distribution produced by an intervention. Here, we used inverse probability weights to compare the 5-year mortality risk under observed antiretroviral therapy treatment plans to the 5-year mortality risk that would had been observed under an intervention in which all patients initiated therapy immediately upon entry into care among patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus in the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems multisite cohort study between 1998 and 2013. Therapy-naïve patients (n = 14,700) were followed from entry into care until death, loss to follow-up, or censoring at 5 years or on December 31, 2013. The 5-year cumulative incidence of mortality was 11.65% under observed treatment plans and 10.10% under the intervention, yielding a risk difference of −1.57% (95% confidence interval: −3.08, −0.06). Comparing outcomes under the intervention with outcomes under observed treatment plans provides meaningful information about the potential consequences of new US guidelines to treat all patients with human immunodeficiency virus regardless of CD4 cell count under actual clinical conditions

Personality Assessment in Neuropsychology: The Nonspecificity of MMPI-2 Neurocorrection Methods

Three established methods of neurocorrection claim to improve Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)/MMPI-2 validity with closed-head injury (CHI) patients. These methods (which suggest removing `neurological' items from scoring) were employed here comparing 35 CHI patients with 35 psychiatric patients with elevated profiles. The 14-item correction changed 2-point codes for 41% of CHI and 31% of psychiatric profiles, the 30-item system changed 77% of CHI and 71% of psychiatric profiles, whereas the 37-item system changed 80% of CHI and 71% of psychiatric profiles. There were no significant differences between the two groups in number of profiles changed or number of neurocorrective items endorsed. Using each of the three correction systems, the following percentage of profiles remained elevated: 99%, 87%, and 89%, respectively.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline