Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed and distance covered during a 30 min running protocol. Methods: Ten healthy and habitually active individuals (six males, four females) completed two experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, crossover design. Each experimental trial consisted of a 30 min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to 15 (hard/heavy) on the rating of perceived exertion scale. During exercise, participants mouth rinsed with either a pink or a clear non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution, with performance, perceptual and physiological measures obtained throughout. Results: Self-selected running speed (+0.4 ± 0.5 km·h−1, p = 0.024, g = 0.25) and distance covered (+213 ± 247 m, p = 0.023, g = 0.25) during the 30 min running protocol were both improved by 4.4 ± 5.1% when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution when compared to the clear solution. Feelings of pleasure were also enhanced during the 30 min treadmill run when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution, with ratings increased from 3.4 ± 0.7 in the clear condition to 3.8 ± 0.6 in the pink condition (+0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.046, g = 0.54). Conclusion: Mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved self-selected running speed, total distance covered, and feelings of pleasure obtained during a 30 min running protocol when compared to an isocaloric and taste-matched clear solution

Higgs Physics with a gamma gamma Collider Based on CLIC 1

We present the machine parameters and physics capabilities of the CLIC Higgs Experiment (CLICHE), a low-energy $\gamma\gamma$ collider based on CLIC 1, the demonstration project for the higher-energy two-beam accelerator CLIC. CLICHE is conceived as a factory capable of producing around 20,000 light Higgs bosons per year. We discuss the requirements for the CLIC 1 beams and a laser backscattering system capable of producing a $\gamma\gamma$ total (peak) luminosity of $2.0 (0.36) \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ with $E_{CM}(\gamma \gamma) \sim 115$ GeV. We show how CLICHE could be used to measure accurately the mass, $\bar b b$, $WW$ and $\gamma \gamma$ decays of a light Higgs boson. We illustrate how these measurements may distinguish between the Standard Model Higgs boson and those in supersymmetric and more general two-Higgs-doublet models, complementing the measurements to be made with other accelerators. We also comment on other prospects in $\gamma\gamma$ and $e^- \gamma$ physics with CLICHE.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, Latex. submitted to Eur. Phys. Jou

Updated CLIC parameters 2005

This note presents the CLIC parameter set as of mid 2005 and describes the different sub-systems, stressing how the design of the different components is driven. This design emerged from a better understanding of limitations for normal conducting accelerating structures, which led to a new optimised design for the CLIC 30 GHz accelerating structure. The structure parameters and improvements in other sub-systems have resulted in a major revision of the parameters. The overall layout and efciencies for CLIC with this updated parameter-set are presented

Gravitino Dark Matter and Cosmological Constraints

The gravitino is a promising candidate for cold dark matter. We study cosmological constraints on scenarios in which the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle and a charged slepton the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP). We obtain new results for the hadronic nucleosynthesis bounds by computing the 4-body decay of the NLSP slepton into the gravitino, the associated lepton, and a quark-antiquark pair. The bounds from the observed dark matter density are refined by taking into account gravitinos from both late NLSP decays and thermal scattering in the early Universe. We examine the present free-streaming velocity of gravitino dark matter and the limits from observations and simulations of cosmic structures. Assuming that the NLSP sleptons freeze out with a thermal abundance before their decay, we derive new bounds on the slepton and gravitino masses. The implications of the constraints for cosmology and collider phenomenology are discussed and the potential insights from future experiments are outlined. We propose a set of benchmark scenarios with gravitino dark matter and long-lived charged NLSP sleptons and describe prospects for the Large Hadron Collider and the International Linear Collider.Comment: 51 pages, 20 figures, revised version matches published version (results unchanged, JHEP style used, figures replaced with new high-quality figures, typos corrected, references added

Photon-Photon and Electron-Photon Colliders with Energies Below a TeV

We investigate the potential for detecting and studying Higgs bosons in $\gamma\gamma$ and $e\gamma$ collisions at future linear colliders with energies below a TeV. Our study incorporates realistic $\gamma\gamma$ spectra based on available laser technology, and NLC and CLIC acceleration techniques. Results include detector simulations. We study the cases of: a) a SM-like Higgs boson based on a devoted low energy machine with $\sqrt{s_{ee}}\le 200$ GeV; b) the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons; and c) charged Higgs bosons in $e\gamma$ collisions.We investigate the potential for detecting and studying Higgs bosons in $\gamma\gamma$ and $e\gamma$ collisions at future linear colliders with energies below a TeV. Our study incorporates realistic $\gamma\gamma$ spectra based on available laser technology, and NLC and CLIC acceleration techniques. Results include detector simulations. We study the cases of: a) a SM-like Higgs boson based on a devoted low energy machine with $\sqrt{s_{ee}}\le 200$ GeV; b) the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons; and c) charged Higgs bosons in $e\gamma$ collisions

Bose-Einstein Correlations of Three Charged Pions in Hadronic Z^0 Decays

Bose-Einstein Correlations (BEC) of three identical charged pions were studied in 4 x 10^6 hadronic Z^0 decays recorded with the OPAL detector at LEP. The genuine three-pion correlations, corrected for the Coulomb effect, were separated from the known two-pion correlations by a new subtraction procedure. A significant genuine three-pion BEC enhancement near threshold was observed having an emitter source radius of r_3 = 0.580 +/- 0.004 (stat.) +/- 0.029 (syst.) fm and a strength of \lambda_3 = 0.504 +/- 0.010 (stat.) +/- 0.041 (syst.). The Coulomb correction was found to increase the \lambda_3 value by \~9% and to reduce r_3 by ~6%. The measured \lambda_3 corresponds to a value of 0.707 +/- 0.014 (stat.) +/- 0.078 (syst.) when one takes into account the three-pion sample purity. A relation between the two-pion and the three-pion source parameters is discussed.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, 5 eps figures included, accepted by Eur. Phys. J.