<i>Cre</i> EYFP reporter expression in the skin of OX40^Cre strains.

<p>(A) Fluorescent stereomicroscope images of epidermal skin layer taken from the underside (×10 magnification). (B) Confocal images of skins sections from 12–16 week old mice of the indicated mice showing expression of EYFP and counter stained with DAPI. (C) EYFP expression in hair follicle of healthy <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> mice showing DAPI and EYFP separately and together. White scale bar indicates 10 µm size. Data are representative of five or more mice from three independent experiments.</p

Skin pathology in <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice is not T cell dependent.

<p>(A) Photograph shows skin pathology in a representative <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mouse (fx/fx) compared with a littermate <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> control (fx/wt). White dotted line indicates the border between dermis and epidermis. (B) Images show skin sections from 12–16 week old mice of the indicated strain stained with H&E and taken at 10× magnification. (C) Confocal images of skins sections from 12–16 week old mice of the indicated mice stained for expression of CD45, cytokeratin 5 or cytokeratin 6 (red) and counter stained with DAPI. White scale bar indicates 10 µm size. (D) Graph shows progress of disease development in <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice (blue, n = 18) as compared with Rag1 sufficient <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice (black lines, n = 9). (E) Bar chart shows mean time of disease progression to score 2 in <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice as compared with Rag1 sufficient <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice. Data are representative (A–C) of three independent experiments or are pooled (D–E) from three independent experiments.</p

Skin pathology in <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice is associated with TNF production and increased apoptosis.

<p>(A) Confocal images of skins sections from 12–16 week old mice of the indicated strain were analysed for EYFP expression (green), stained with DAPI (blue) and for expression of TNF (red). White scale bar indicates 10 µm size. (B) Apoptosis was assessed in skin sections from <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx and OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> mice by TUNNEL assay and counterstained with eosin. Light microscopy was performed at 10× magnification.</p

Lymphoid hyperplasia and T cell activation in <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice.

<p>(A) Images show axillary and brachial lymph nodes (top four nodes) as compared with mesenteric chain and spleen from the indicated mouse strains, taken between 12–16 weeks of age. (B) Scatter charts show absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, CD4⁺ TCR^hi or CD8⁺ TCR^hi T cells in skin draining lymph nodes (dLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) or spleen (SPN) in <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice (fx/fx, n = 6) or control <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> mice (fx/wt, n = 4). (C) Density plots are of CD25 vs CD44 expression by CD4⁺ TCR^hi T cells (top row) and side scatter (SSC) vs CD44 by CD8⁺ TCR^hi T cells (bottom row) from dLN of the indicated mouse strains. Data are representative of six independent experiments.</p

Activation of WT T cells in <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice.

<p>Eight week old <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> and <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> controls were reconstituted with 5×10⁷ lymph node T cells from WT C57Bl6^NIMR mice. Two weeks later, number and phenotype of transferred T cells in different recipients was determined. (A) Contour plots are of CD25 vs CD44 expression by CD4⁺ TCR^hi T cells (top row) and side scatter (SSC) vs CD44 by CD8⁺ TCR^hi T cells (bottom row) from dLN of <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> (<i>Ikbk2</i> fx/fx) and <i>Rag1</i>^−/−<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> (<i>Ikbk2</i> fx/wt) hosts. Numbers indicate % of cells in the adjacent gate. Data are representative of at least five mice per strain. (B) Scatter charts show absolute numbers of CD4⁺ TCR^hi or CD8⁺ TCR^hi T cells in skin draining lymph nodes (dLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) or spleen (SPN) in host <i>Rag1^−/− OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice (fx/fx) or control <i>Rag1^−/− OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/wt</i> mice (fx/wt). Data are pool of two independent experiments.</p

<i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice exhibit skin epidermis hyperplasia.

<p>(A) Images show skin sections from 12–16 wk old mice of the indicated strain stained with H&E and taken at 10× magnification. White dotted line indicates the border between dermis and epidermis. (B) Confocal images of skins sections from 12–16 week old mice of the indicated mice stained for expression of CD45, cytokeratin 5 or cytokeratin 6 (red) and counter stained with DAPI. White scale bar indicates 10 µm size. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments and at least two mice per strain experiment.</p

Development of skin pathology in <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice.

<p>(A) Photographs show dorsal aspect of <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice with varying degrees of skin pathology. Scoring was established according to extent of involvement of the dorsal surface: 0 - no pathology, 1 - <10% surface, 2 - 10–25% surface, 3 - >25% surface. Mice with >50% dorsal skin involvement and/or weight loss >20% were culled. (B) Graph shows average mouse score for <i>OX40^Cre Ikbk2^fx/fx</i> mice over time (n = 9).</p

Synthesis of Structurally Ordered Pt₃Ti and Pt₃V Nanoparticles as Methanol Oxidation Catalysts

Structurally ordered Pt₃Ti or Pt₃V intermetallic nanoparticle catalysts with ultrasmall particle sizes have never been successfully synthesized. Herein, we present a KCl-nanoparticle method to successfully provide such compounds. These two catalysts show enhanced catalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation compared to pure Pt