Unadjusted inter-correlations between cognitive variables.

<p>Unadjusted inter-correlations between cognitive variables.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics (N = 123,000)

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics (N = 123,000)</p

Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank^*

<p><b>Background:</b> Reported associations between shiftwork and health have largely been based on occupation-specific, or single sex studies that might not be generalizable to the entire working population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shiftwork was independently associated with obesity, diabetes, poor sleep, and well-being in a large, UK general population cohort.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Participants of the UK Biobank study who were employed at the time of assessment were included. Exposure variables were self-reported shiftwork (any shiftwork and night shiftwork); and outcomes were objectively measured obesity, inflammation and physical activity and self-reported lifestyle, sleep and well-being variables, including mental health.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Shiftwork was reported by 17% of the 277,168 employed participants. Shiftworkers were more likely to be male, socioeconomically deprived and smokers, and to have higher levels of physical activity. Univariately, and following adjustment for lifestyle and work-related confounders, shiftworkers were more likely to be obese, depressed, to report disturbed sleep, and to have neurotic traits.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Shiftwork was independently associated with multiple indicators of poor health and wellbeing, despite higher physical activity, and even in shiftworkers that did not work nights. Shiftwork is an emerging social factor that contributes to disease in the urban environment across the working population.Key messages</p><p>Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce</p><p>In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity.</p><p>Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference</p><p></p> <p>Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce</p> <p>In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity.</p> <p>Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference</p

Additional file 1: of Associations of discretionary screen time with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer are attenuated by strength, fitness and physical activity: findings from the UK Biobank study

Table S1. Number of participants with missing data for covariates. Table S2. Cut-off points for age- and sex-specific physical activity tertiles. Table S3. Cut-off points for age- and sex-specific grip strength tertiles. Table S4. Cut-off points for age- and sex-specific fitness tertiles. Table S5. Cohort characteristics by categories of TV viewing. Table S6. Cohort characteristics by categories of PC screen time. Table S7. Cohort characteristics by age- and sex-specific tertiles of total physical activity. Table S8. Cohort characteristics by age- and sex-specific tertiles of cardiorespiratory fitness. Table S9. Cohort characteristics by age- and sex-specific tertiles of handgrip strength. Table S10. Correlation between TV viewing, total physical activity and grip strength. Figure S1. Cox proportional hazard model of the association of 1-h increments in screen time, TV viewing and PC screen time with CVD and cancer mortality. Figure S2. Cox proportional hazard models of the association of overall discretionary screen time with CVD and cancer mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. Figure S3. Cox proportional hazard models of the association of overall discretionary TV viewing with CVD and cancer mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. Figure S4. Cox proportional hazard models of the association of overall discretionary PC screen time with CVD and cancer mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. Table S11. Cox proportional hazard estimates of the association of overall discretionary screen time with all-cause mortality, CVD and cancer incidence and mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. Table S12. Cox proportional hazard estimates of the association of discretionary TV viewing with all-cause mortality, CVD and cancer incidence and mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. Table S13. Cox proportional hazard estimates of the association of discretionary PC screen time with all-cause mortality, CVD and cancer incidence and mortality by physical activity, fitness and handgrip strength strata. (DOCX 1552 kb

Percentage diagnostic breakdown of probable lifetime diagnoses of mood disorder (n = 123,000).

<p>Percentage diagnostic breakdown of probable lifetime diagnoses of mood disorder (n = 123,000).</p

Proposed criteria for lifetime experience of major depressive disorder.

<p>Proposed criteria for lifetime experience of major depressive disorder.</p

Proposed criteria for lifetime experience of probable bipolar disorder (type I and type II).

<p>Proposed criteria for lifetime experience of probable bipolar disorder (type I and type II).</p