6 research outputs found
Ultrathin Nanotube/Nanowire Electrodes by SpināSpray Layer-by-Layer Assembly: A Concept for Transparent Energy Storage
Fully integrated transparent devices require versatile architectures for energy storage, yet typical battery electrodes are thick (20ā100 Ī¼m) and composed of optically absorbent materials. Reducing the length scale of active materials, assembling them with a controllable method and minimizing electrode thickness should bring transparent batteries closer to reality. In this work, the rapid and controllable spināspray layer-by-layer (SSLbL) method is used to generate high quality networks of 1D nanomaterials: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanowires for anode and cathode electrodes, respectively. These ultrathin films, deposited with ā¼2 nm/bilayer precision are transparent when deposited on a transparent substrate (>87% transmittance) and electrochemically active in Li-ion cells. SSLbL-assembled ultrathin SWNT anodes and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathodes exhibit reversible lithiation capacities of 23 and 7 Ī¼Ah/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively at a current density of 5 Ī¼A/cm<sup>2</sup>. When these electrodes are combined in a full cell, they retain ā¼5 Ī¼Ah/cm<sup>2</sup> capacity over 100 cycles, equivalent to the prelithiation capacity of the limiting V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathode. The SSLbL technique employed here to generate functional thin films is uniquely suited to the generation of transparent electrodes and offers a compelling path to realize the potential of fully integrated transparent devices
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Radiation Resistance in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
<div><p>Background</p><p>Ionizing radiation is genotoxic to cells. Healthy tissue toxicity in patients and radiation resistance in tumors present common clinical challenges in delivering effective radiation therapies. Radiation response is a complex, polygenic trait with unknown genetic determinants. The <i>Drosophila</i> Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) provides a model to investigate the genetics of natural variation for sensitivity to radiation.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>Radiation response was quantified in 154 inbred DGRP lines, among which 92 radiosensitive lines and 62 radioresistant lines were classified as controls and cases, respectively. A case-control genome-wide association screen for radioresistance was performed. There are 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with radio resistance at a nominal <i>p</i><10<sup>ā5</sup>; all had modest effect sizes and were common variants with the minor allele frequency >5%. All the genes implicated by those SNP hits were novel, many without a known role in radiation resistance and some with unknown function. Variants in known DNA damage and repair genes associated with radiation response were below the significance threshold of <i>p</i><10<sup>ā5</sup> and were not present among the significant hits. No SNP met the genome-wide significance threshold (<i>p</i>ā=ā1.49Ć10<sup>ā7</sup>), indicating a necessity for a larger sample size.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Several genes not previously associated with variation in radiation resistance were identified. These genes, especially the ones with human homologs, form the basis for exploring new pathways involved in radiation resistance in novel functional studies. An improved DGRP model with a sample size of at least 265 lines and ideally up to 793 lines is recommended for future studies of complex traits.</p></div
Odds ratio histogram of top 32 SNPs at p<10<sup>ā5</sup>.
<p>Odds ratio histogram of top 32 SNPs at p<10<sup>ā5</sup>.</p
DGRP radioresistance is heritable.
<p>Reciprocal crosses between a completely sensitive RAL-28 and a highly resistant RAL-69 lines were set up to generate F1, which were then selfed to produce F2. 50 males from F1 and F2 of each cross were scored for survival after 1382 Gy irradiation. The data shown represents the mean of two independent trials.</p
Association analyses of radiation resistance among 154 DGRP lines.
<p>(A) Quantile-quantile plot. The red line indicates the expected and the black line the observed <i>p</i> values. (B) Manhattan plot of <i>p</i> values. The red dashed line indicates <i>p</i><10<sup>ā5</sup>.</p
Variants in DNA damage and repair genes are not among the top associated SNPs.
<p>A scatterplot of <i>p</i> values for all 10,916 SNPs representing a comprehensive set of 102 DNA damage and repair genes (dots), along with the <i>p</i> values of top 32 SNPs (crosses).</p