740 research outputs found
On the ubiquity of Beutler-Fano profiles: from scattering to dissipative processes
Fano models - consisting of a Hamiltonian with discrete-continuous spectrum -
are one of the basic toy models in spectroscopy. They have been succesfull in
explaining the lineshape of experiments in atomic physics and condensed matter.
These models however have largely been out of the scope of dissipative
dynamics, with ony a handful of works considering the effect of a thermal bath.
Yet in nanostructures and condensed matter systems, dissipation strongly
modulates the dynamics. In this article, we present an overview of the
theoretical works dealing with Fano interferences coupled to a thermal bath and
compare them to the scattering formalism. We provide the solution to any
discrete-continuous Hamiltonian structure within the wideband approximation
coupled to a Markovian bath. In doing so, we update the toy models that have
been available for unitary evolution since the 1960s. We find that the Fano
lineshape is preserved as long as we allow a rescaling of the parameters, and
an additional Lorentzian contribution that reflects the destruction of the
interference by dephasings. We discuss the pertinence of each approach -
dissipative and unitary - to different experimental setups: scattering,
transport and spectroscopy of dissipative systems. We finish by discussing the
current limitations of the theories due to the wideband approximation and the
memory effects of the bath.Comment: Expanded bibliography, minor typos correcte
School Food Environments and Policies in U.S. Public Schools
Examines food environments in elementary, middle, and high schools based on seventeen factors, including foods and beverages offered, the availability of vending machines, and how they vary by grade level, location, and other school characteristics
Analytical Results for a Single-Unit System Subject To Markovian Wear and Shocks
This thesis develops and analyzers a mathematical model for the reliability measures of a single-unit system subject to continuous wear due to its operating environment and randomly occurring shocks that inflict a random amount of damage to the unit. Assuming a Markovian operating environment and shock arrival mechanism, Laplace-Stieltjes transform expressions are obtained for the failure time distribution and all of its moments. Moreover, an analytical expression is derived for the long-run availability of the single-unit system when it is subject to an inspect-and-replace maintenance policy. The analytical results are illustrated, and their results compared with those of Monte Carlo-simulated failure data. The numerical results indicate that the reliability measures may be accurately computed via numerical inversion of the transform expressions in a straightforward manner when the input parameters are known a priori. In stark contrast to the simulation model which requires several hours to obtain the reliability measures, the analytical procedure computes the same measures in only a few seconds
Classification of Dark States in Multi-level Dissipative Systems
Dark states are eigenstates or steady-states of a system that are decoupled
from the radiation. Their use, along with associated techniques such as
Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage, has extended from atomic physics where it
is an essential cooling mechanism, to more recent versions in condensed phase
where it can increase the coherence times of qubits. These states are often
discussed in the context of unitary evolution and found with elegant methods
exploiting symmetries, or via the Bruce-Shore transformation. However, the link
with dissipative systems is not always transparent, and distinctions between
classes of CPT are not always clear. We present a detailed overview of the
arguments to find stationary dark states in dissipative systems, and examine
their dependence on the Hamiltonian parameters, their multiplicity and purity.
We find a class of dark states that depends not only on the detunings of the
lasers but also on their relative intensities. We illustrate the criteria with
the more complex physical system of the hyperfine transitions of Rb and
show how a knowledge of the dark state manifold can inform the preparation of
pure states.Comment: additional example
Continuum model for chiral induced spin selectivity in helical molecules
A minimal model is exactly solved for electron spin transport on a helix.
Electron transport is assumed to be supported by well oriented type
orbitals on base molecules forming a staircase of definite chirality. In a
tight binding interpretation, the SOC opens up an effective
coupling via interbase hopping, introducing spin coupled
transport. The resulting continuum model spectrum shows two Kramers doublet
transport channels with a gap proportional to the SOC. Each doubly degenerate
channel satisfies time reversal symmetry, nevertheless, a bias chooses a
transport direction and thus selects for spin orientation. The model predicts
which spin orientation is selected depending on chirality and bias, changes in
spin preference as a function of input Fermi level and scattering suppression
protected by the SO gap. We compute the spin current with a definite helicity
and find it to be proportional to the torsion of the chiral structure and the
non-adiabatic Aharonov- Anandan phase. To describe room temperature transport
we assume that the total transmission is the result of a product of coherent
steps limited by the coherence length
Training Law Students to Be International Transactional Lawyers - Using an Extended Simulation to Educate Law Students About Business Transactions
The article describes an innovative approach to educating law students about the legal issues and the role of lawyers in negotiating international business transactions. It is based on our experiences in developing and teaching a course that is built around a semester-long simulation exercise and taught in counterpart classes at two law schools. The students in these classes represent the opposing parties and negotiate a cross-border business transaction involving a joint venture agreement, a licensing agreement and a long-term supply contract. The students, who attend either the American University Washington College of Law or the Centre for Energy Mineral and Petroleum Law and Policy at the Dundee University in Scotland, utilize written communications, video-conferencing and teleconferencing in their negotiations. In the paper we discuss the value the course adds to the education of our students, the challenges and pleasures of teaching the course, the response of students to the innovative approach to teaching, and ways in which the course could be adapted and enriched
Fano-Liouville Spectral Signatures in Open Quantum Systems
The scattering amplitude from a set of discrete states coupled to a continuum
became known as the Fano profile, characteristic for its asymmetric lineshape
and originally investigated in the context of photoionization. The generality
of the model, and the proliferation of engineered nanostructures with confined
states gives immense success to the Fano lineshape, which is invoked whenever
an asymmetric lineshape is encountered. However, many of these systems do not
conform to the initial model worked out by Fano in that i) they are subject to
dissipative processes and ii) the observables are not entirely analogous to the
ones measured in the original photoionization experiments. In this letter, we
work out the full optical response of a Fano model with dissipation. We find
that the exact result for absorption, Raman, Rayleigh and fluorescence emission
is a modified Fano profile where the typical lineshape has an additional
Lorentzian contribution. Expressions to extract model parameters from a set of
relevant observables are given.Comment: corrected typo
Training Law Students to be International Transactional Lawyers-Using An Extended Simulation to Educate Law Students About Business Transactions
The article describes an innovative approach to educating law students about the legal issues and the role of lawyers in negotiating international business transactions. It is based on our experiences in developing and teaching a course that is built around a semester-long simulation exercise and taught in counterpart classes at two law schools. The students in these classes represent the opposing parties and negotiate a cross-border business transaction involving a joint venture agreement, a licensing agreement and a long-term supply contract. The students, who attend either the American University Washington College of Law or the Centre for Energy Mineral and Petroleum Law and Policy at the Dundee University in Scotland, utilize written communications, video-conferencing and teleconferencing in their negotiations. In the paper we discuss the value the course adds to the education of our students, the challenges and pleasures of teaching the course, the response of students to the innovative approach to teaching, and ways in which the course could be adapted and enriched
- …