1,083 research outputs found

    Self-Knotting of a Nasogastric Tube

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    [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(2):266-267.

    Examining local processes when applying a cumulative impact policy to address harms of alcohol outlet density.

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    One approach to addressing the negative health and social harms of excessive drinking has been to attempt to limit alcohol availability in areas of high outlet density. The Licensing Act (2003) enables English local authorities the power to implement a Cumulative Impact Policy (CIP) in order to tackle alcohol challenges. More than 100 English local authorities have implemented a CIP in one or more designated areas. We examined local licence decision-making in the context of implementing CIPs. Specifically, we explored the activities involved in alcohol licensing in one London local authority in order to explicate how local decision-making processes regarding alcohol outlet density occur. Institutional ethnographic research revealed that CIPs were contested on multiple grounds within the statutory licensing process of a local authority with this policy in place. CIPs are an example of multi-level governance in which national and local interests, legal powers and alcohol licensing priorities interface. Public health priorities can be advanced in the delivery of CIPs, but those priorities can at times be diluted by those of other stakeholders, both public sector and commercial

    Case Study: Transition to a Vegan Diet in an Elite Male Gaelic Football Player

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    Vegan diets are increasingly of interest to athletes, but require a well-planned approach in order to mitigate the risk of potential adverse effects on nutrient intakes, and consequently performance. This case study reports the process of an elite male Gaelic football player (age 25 years; height, 1.88 m; body mass, 87.8 kg; lean body mass, 73.26 kg; body fat, 11.3%) transitioning from an omnivorous diet to a vegan diet at the beginning of a competitive season. The report encompasses key considerations in the planning and provision of nutrition support in this context, in addition to iterations needed based on challenges presented by the athlete. Analysis of nutrient intake (Nutritics Dietary Analysis Software), body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry; Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare), and running performance during match-play (global positioning system-based tracking; STATSports Apex) each indicated that with adequate knowledge and education, and appropriate planning, commitment and iterative feedback, the athlete was able to meet nutrition targets on a vegan diet without compromising key performance indicators compared to the omnivorous diet of the previous season. We anticipate that this case study will assist practitioners to recognize the key considerations to address when working with athletes transitioning to a vegan diet

    The Place Of War In Marxist Analyses Of Primitive Accumulation

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    It has long been understood by Marxists, including Marx himself, that primitive accumulation was not limited to the historical origins of capitalism. Instead, extra-economic processes of capital accumulation continue to be relevant throughout the subsequent development of capitalism. An examination of the classic analyses of primitive accumulation made by Karl Marx and Rosa Luxemburg suggests that the most significant contemporary interpretation of the concept—David Harvey’s accumulation by dispossession—fails to properly account for the role played by war and military power in capital accumulation today. This is the product of both a problematic interpretation of Marx’s and Luxemburg’s analyses of primitive accumulation as well as a problematic interpretation of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq. I argue that Marx and Luxemburg continue to offer a more fruitful foundation from which to address this question

    Methods to Enhance Verbal Communication between Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Their Formal and Informal Caregivers: A Systematic Review

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    Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although memory problems are the most characteristic symptom of this disorder, many individuals also experience progressive problems with communication. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of methods to improve the verbal communication of individuals with Alzheimer's disease with their caregivers. The following databases were reviewed: PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, REHABDATA, and COMDIS. The inclusion criteria were: (i) experimentally based studies, (ii) quantitative results, (iii) intervention aimed at improving verbal communication of the affected individual with a caregiver, and (iv) at least 50% of the sample having a confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A total of 13 studies met all of the inclusion criteria. One technique emerged as potentially effective: the use of memory aids combined with specific caregiver training programs. The strength of this evidence was restricted by methodological limitations of the studies. Both adoption of and further research on these interventions are recommended

    Carrying the torch - can student teachers contribute to the survival of design and technology in the primary curriculum?

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    Not since the statutory introduction of design and technology as a foundation subject at Key Stages 1 and 2 in the National Curriculum for England and Wales in 1990 has there been more pressure on its survival in primary schools than at present. The ‘deregulation’ of the non-core curriculum to make way for the introduction of National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies has, according to Rogers and Davies (1999), had a devastating effect upon the classroom time it is currently allotted in many schools. The situation is, if anything, more acute in primary initial teacher training (ITT), where the impact of a series of government circulars, culminating in Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) Circular 4/98, has reduced total course provision in design and technology for the majority of students to a few hours. Although some hope may be on the horizon – in the shape of the new rationale for the subject in the Secretary of State’s proposals for Curriculum 2000, and the positive exemplification provided by the national Scheme of Work (QCA/DATA, 1999) – the situation is currently very difficult for primary student teachers required to teach design and technology during their school experience. Unless these opportunities are made available, a generation of primary student teachers may emerge from training with little or no experience of classroom or college design and technology, thus risking undoing much of the good work in teacher development undertaken during the last decade. It may then be too late to undo the damage done to the concept of a ‘balanced curriculum’ in which design and technology has a significant part to play
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