Correspondence analysis.

<p>Correspondence analysis visualized 2-dimensionally with axes expressed as the 2 most crucial inertia values accounting for a cumulative inertia of 37.6%. Individual 1: blue square, individual 2: red square, individual 3: green triangle, individual 4: purple cross, individual 5: light blue cross.</p

Microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens.</p><p>Design</p><p>Site specific subgingival plaque samples (n = 54), pooled subgingival plaque samples (n = 18) and stimulated saliva samples (n = 18) were collected from 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were characterized by means of HOMI<i>NGS</i> (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient.</p><p>Results</p><p>Pronounced intraindividual differences were recorded in site-specific microbial profiles, and site-specific information was in general not reflected by pooled subgingival samples. Presence of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, <i>Filifactor alocis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> and <i>Parvimona micra</i> in site-specific subgingival samples were detected in saliva with an AUC of 0.79 (sensitivity: 0.61, specificity: 0.94), compared to an AUC of 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.94) in pooled subgingival samples.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Site-specific presence of periodontal pathogens was detected with comparable accuracy in stimulated saliva samples and pooled subgingival plaque samples. Consequently, saliva may be a reasonable surrogate for pooled subgingival samples when screening for presence of periopathogens. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm findings from this study.</p></div

Pooled subgingival microbiota vs. average of site-specific subgingival microbiotas.

<p>A: Relative abundance of the 20 predominant bacterial genera. B: Relative abundance of the 25 predominant bacterial species. Sample denotation: P1-P18: Person 1–18. A: Averaged samples. P: pooled samples.</p

Demographic and periodontal clinical features of the sample population.

<p>Demographic and periodontal clinical features of the sample population.</p

Site-specific subgingival microbiota.

<p>A: Relative abundance of the 20 predominant bacterial genera. B: Relative abundance of the 25 predominant bacterial species. Sample denotation: P1-P18: Person 1–18. S1-S3: Sample 1–3.</p

Clustering analysis of pooled and averaged samples.

<p>A: Sample-tree clustering of pooled and averaged site-specific samples. B: Heat-map of pooled and averaged site-specific samples. Sample denotation: P1-P18: Person 1–18. A: Averaged samples. P: pooled samples.</p

Baseline characteristics of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction study population.

<p>Baseline characteristics of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction study population.</p