Cone-beam computed tomography in implant dentistry - guidelines, current concepts and limitations for practice

This article issues scientific background of Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the importance of taking x-rays before and after implant placement in daily practice as a common care. The review will introduce cone-beam computed tomography guidelines, restrictions and intraoperartive issues for instance nerve damage and bleeding incidents. Modern CBCT technology enables specialists to avoid making a wrong diagnosis, which translates into a higher percentage of people with a positive treatment outcome. Diagnostic radiology is a crucial element of every dental treatment planning. CBCT market is expanding gradually since two decades, there are more than 85 distinct CBCT tools available. CBCT is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging used nowadays in dentistry with increased frequency and offers volumetric data on jaw bones and teeth with relatively low radiation doses and costs. Currently, the greatest advantage of CBCT examinations over radiographs is the fact that the image obtained is presented in a 3D projection and not, as is the case, in 2D. It has the ability to help a wider range of patients, but the use of CBCT also has negative consequences. Routine or excessive use has resulted in increased radiation doses accumulating in the patient's body, which translates into an increased risk of adverse effects. The risk varies according to the age of the patient under study and is directly proportional to it, that is, it is highest for young people and lower for older people. The potential risk is also slightly higher in the female population. For this reason, creating awareness of the mandatory patient safety management of CT scans is a key process by which X-ray exposures can be optimised

Platelet-rich plasma - a revolutionary therapeutic option in multi-disciplinary indications

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was originally described as a small volume of plasma that contains higher concentrations of platelets, compared to peripheral blood. Although currently the use of PRP in most indications is off-label, it is not prohibited. Initially, PRP was used for wound healing and tissue regeneration in fields such as orthopaedics, dermatology, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. Aim of the study: The aim of this article was to present and summarise the modern production methods, the mechanism of action at the molecular and biochemical level and the most important uses and indications of PRP in present-day medicine. Material and methods: A cross-sectional search of relevant literature was performed in databases using accepted wording. Publications from 2003-2023 were included. The entire process has been supplemented with additional procedures to increase the reliability of this publication. Results: Orthopaedics has gained many minimally invasive therapeutic solutions thanks to PRP. Its effects on ligament and tendon tissues have been studied, where promising data have been proven. Also in aesthetic medicine and dermatology, many treatment strategies have been developed using PRP, mainly for the treatment of acne, androgenic alopecia and delaying tissue ageing as much as possible. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma has found application in the treatment of many conditions in orthopaedics, dermatology, aesthetic medicine and dentistry. It is characterised by good therapeutic efficacy, with relatively low risk. However, high-quality studies are still lacking to provide more reliable data

Reviewing the current treatment approaches for vitiligo – analysis of literature

Introduction: Vitiligo is a relatively common systemic, idiopathic disease within the spectrum of pigmentary disorders. Clinically, it presents as depigmented patches on the skin, resulting from the loss or dysfunction of melanocytes. Despite not impacting life expectancy, vitiligo should not be perceived merely as a cosmetic defect, given its potential to burden daily life and the frequent experiences of stigmatization by patients. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the treatment of vitiligo. The current treatments in practice, alongside potential new methods, were summarized and described. Materials and methods: The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: “Vitiligo”, “Vitiligo treatment”, “Vitiligo new treatment methods”, “Targeted therapies for vitiligo”. Conclusions: Vitiligo is a multifactorial and still inadequately understood disorder, leading to a lack of fully safe and effective treatment. As in the management of other diseases, there should be a push for highly personalized treatments for patients. This approach takes into account the differences among patients and ensures a better chance of a positive clinical response. To achieve this goal, it's necessary to explore new treatment methods and expand ongoing research efforts. Also, raising awareness of vitiligo is key to increasing acceptance, support and understanding for those affected by the disease

Czynniki kształtujące właściwości reologiczne oraz ślad węglowy mieszanek betonowych do pali wierconych

Współczesne projektowanie betonu oprócz doboru odpowiedniego składu, determinującego jakość i użyteczność wyrobu, powinno również kształtować jego cechy środowiskowe. Odpowiednie proporcje składników oraz nowoczesne rozwiązania materiałowe pozwalają kreować w szerokim spektrum właściwości mieszanki betonowej i betonu stwardniałego, stwarzając również możliwość znacznej redukcji śladu węglowego

Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Lambs with Endoparasites and In Vitro Effect of Medicinal Plants

We investigated growth performance and ruminal fermentation associated with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Haemonchus contortus in lambs and in vitro ruminal fermentation of mallow, chamomile, fumitory, wormwood (Herbmix), and chicory using inoculum from GIN-infected lambs. Twelve lambs were equally divided into two groups: uninfected animals (CON) and animals infected (INF) with approximately 5000 third-stage larvae derived from the MHCo1 strain of GIN H. contortus. Two lambs per group were killed on days 48, 49, and 50 after infection and ruminal content was collected separately from each lamb. Batch cultures of ruminal fluid from CON and INF were incubated for 24 h in vitro with 0.25 g meadow hay, Herbmix, and chicory using an in vitro gas production technique. Daily weight gain was relatively lower in the INF than the CON group, but not significantly (72.6 vs. 130.1 g/day). The ruminal populations of protozoa, bacteria, total Archaea, Methanobacteriales, and Methanomicrobiales were significantly higher in the INF than in the CON group. The substrates affected the concentrations of n-butyrate, iso-butyrate, n-valerate, iso-valerate, ammonia-N, total gas, and methane (p < 0.001) in vitro. GIN infection affected fermentation and microbial population in the rumens of the lambs, and chicory was a promising substrate to modulate ruminal fermentation in vitro

Design, Spectroscopy, and Assessment of Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Coumarin&ndash;Thiadiazole Hybrids

A novel series of coumarin&ndash;thiadiazole hybrids, derived from substituted coumarin-3-carboxylic acids was isolated and fully characterized with the use of a number of spectroscopic techniques and XRD crystallography. Several of the novel compounds showed intensive fluorescence in the visible region, comparable to that of known coumarin-based fluorescence standards. Moreover, the new compounds were tested as potential antineurodegenerative agents via their ability to act as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. Compared to the commercial standards, only a few compounds demonstrated moderate AChE and BuChE activities. Moreover, the novel derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacterial and fungal species. Their lack of activity and toxicity across a broad range of biochemical assays, together with the exceptional emission of some hybrid molecules, highlights the possible use of a number of the novel hybrids as potential fluorescence standards or fluorescence imaging agents

Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p &gt; 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus

Design and Synthesis of Menthol and Thymol Derived Ciprofloxacin: Influence of Structural Modifications on the Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Properties

Sixteen new Ciprofloxacin derivatives were designed and successfully synthesized. In an in silico experiment, lipophilicity was established for obtained compounds. All compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity using standard and clinical strains. As for Gram-positive hospital microorganisms, all tested derivatives were active. Measured MICs were in the range 1&ndash;16 &micro;g/mL, confirming high antimicrobial potency. Derivative 12 demonstrated activity against all standard Gram-positive Staphylococci, within the range of 0.8&ndash;1.6 &micro;g/mL and was confirmed as the leading structure with MICs 1 &micro;g/mL for S. pasteuri KR 4358 and S. aureus T 5591 (clinical strains). All compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic properties via the MTT method. Three of the examined compounds (3, 11 and 16) showed good activity against cancer cells, and in parallel were found not to be cytotoxic toward normal cells. Doxorubicin SI ranged 0.14&ndash;1.11 while the mentioned three ranged 1.9&ndash;3.4. Selected Ciprofloxacin derivatives were docked into the crystal structure of topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in complex with DNA (PDB ID: 5BTC). In summary, leading structures were established (3, 11, 12 and 16). We have observed poor results in preformed studies for disubstituted derivatives, suggesting that 3-oxo-4-carboxylic acid core is the active DNA-gyrase binding site, and when structural changes were made in this fragment, there was an observed decrease in antibacterial potency

Effect of Sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis viciifolia</i>) Pellets on Rumen Microbiome and Histopathology in Lambs Exposed to Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Our study analyzed the ruminal fermentation and microbiome, hematological profile, and abomasal histopathology of lambs experimentally infected with a gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) and fed sainfoin pellets (SFPs; 600 g DM/d/animal) for 14 d. Twenty-four lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus were divided into two separated groups: animals fed meadow hay (control) and animals fed SFPs. The ruminal contents, fermentation parameters, and microbiome in vitro and in vivo were determined using molecular and microscopic techniques. Ruminal contents in the SFP group indicated smaller populations of Archaea (p Methanomicrobiales (p = 0.009), and lower methane concentrations in vitro (p = 0.046) and in vivo (p = 0.030) than the control group. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens quantified by real-time PCR was higher in the lambs with the SFP diet (p = 0.05). Haemonchosis affected the number of red blood cells of the lambs (p p = 0.004). The consumption of SFPs by GIN-infected lambs may affect ruminal methanogens and subsequently decrease methane emission without undesirable changes in the ruminal microbiome or the health of the animals