Summary data for intracellular ROS generation as shown by changes in ET fluorescence in isolated ventricular myocytes.

<p>Sample size ranged from 100 to 360 cells from 5–8 rats. (*) Significantly different compared to Ctrl, HG+AOX, HG+MI, DEP+AOX, DEP+MI, HG+DEP+MI+Apo; (#) Significantly different compared to HG and DEP (P<0.05).</p

Cell morphology of isolated ventricular myocytes (A–C).

<p>Typical myocytes treated overnight with 0 µg/ml (A); 0.1 µg/ml DEP (B); or 1.0 µg/ml DEP (C).</p

Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in isolated ventricular myocytes.

<p>Typical ET confocal emission images of Ctrl <i>versus</i> Ctrl with AOX (Tiron at 0.25 mM and NAC at 0.5 mM), Ctrl with MI (rotenone at 1 µg/ml and the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor (MI) thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) at 50 µM), and Ctrl with apocynin (100 µM, Apo); Typical ET emission images treated with HG (25.5 mM) <i>versus</i> HG with AOX, HG with MI, and HG with Apo; Typical ET images of DEP (0.1 µg/ml) <i>versus</i> DEP with AOX, DEP with MI, and DEP with Apo; Typical ET images of HG (25.5 mM) and DEP (0.1 µg/ml) <i>versus</i> HG and DEP with AOX, HG and DEP with MI, HG+DEP with Apo, and HG+DEP with MI and Apo.</p

Shortening and relengthening contractility in isolated ventricular myocytes stimulated at 1 Hz.

<p>Peak shortening (PS) (A) (% cell length), time-to-90% relengthening (TR₉₀) (B) departure (C) and (D) return velocity (±dL/dt µm/s) in control (culture medium overnight; Ctrl), high glucose treatment (25.5 mM overnight; HG), diesel exhaust particle (DEP) treatment (0.1 µg/ml overnight; DEP), HG and DEP treatment (25.5 mM and 0.1 µg/ml overnight); Ctrl with antioxidants (Tiron at 0.25 mM and NAC at 0.5 mM; (AOX)), HG with AOX, DEP with AOX, HG+DEP with AOX. Myocytes were field stimulated with 1 Hz at 37°C. Sample size ranged from 38 to 72 cells per group from 5–8 rats. (*) Significantly compared to Ctrl; (#) significantly compared to HG and DEP (P<0.05).</p