EXPLORING FISH MISCELLANY FROM BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT REGION OF NORTHEAST INDIA THROUGH CHROMOSOME PROFILING

Sjeveroistočne države Indije obiluju ekstenzivnim ekoklimatskim uvjetima te sadrže veliki dio indijske endemske flore i faune. Ova regija obiluje ribljom raznolikošću s mnoštvom vrsta akvarijskih riba, uključujući zebricu. Među potencijalnim ukrasnim ribama, Ctenops nobilis označena je kao gotovo ugrožena, a Danio dangila uključena je na popis najmanje zabrinutosti IUCN-a. Ovdje je poduzeto citogenetsko profiliranje kako bi se osigurali komplementarni podaci za preciznu identifikaciju vrsta i proučavanje genetskog nasljeđa, organizacije genoma i evolucije vrste. Citogenetskim analizama utvrđen je diploidni broj kromosoma 44 i 50 s formulom kariotipa 8m+20sm+10st+6t (FN=72) odnosno 20m+24sm+6st (FN=94) u C. nobilis i D. dangila. Bojanje nukleolarnih regija otkrilo je prisutnost Ag-NORs, CMA3 mjesta i signala gena 18S rDNA na jednom paru subtelocentričnog kromosoma i jednom paru submetacentričnog kromosoma u C. nobilis i D. dangila. Ovi biomarkeri važan su izvor za molekularnu taksonomiju, evolucijske/filogenetske studije i genetiku očuvanja C. nobilis i D. dangila.North Eastern states of India are blessed with extensive ecoclimatic conditions and much of India’s endemic flora and fauna. This region is rich in fish diversity with plenty of species of ornamental importance, including model species zebrafish. Among the potential ornamental fishes, Ctenops nobilis is designated as Near Threatened and Danio dangila is included in the Least Concern list by IUCN. Cytogenetic profiling was undertaken here to provide complementary data for precise species identification and to study genetic inheritance, genome organization and evolution of the species. The cytogenetic analyses revealed diploid chromosome numbers 44 and 50 with karyotype formula 8m+20sm+10st+6t (FN=72) and 20m+24sm+6st (FN=94), respectively, in C. nobilis and D. dangila. The staining of nucleolar organizer regions revealed the presence of Ag-NORs, CMA3 sites and 18S rDNA probe signals on one pair sub-telocentric chromosome and one pair sub-metacentric chromosome in C. nobilis and D. dangila, respectively. These biomarkers are an important resource for molecular taxonomy, evolutionary/phylogenetic studies and conservation genetics of C. nobilis and D. dangila

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Not AvailableThe present study evaluate the sub-lethal mechanism of acid mine drainage toxicity on fingerlings (9.5 ± 2.4 cm) of golden mahseer, Tor putitora. Exposed fingerlings showed significant reduction (P < 0.01) in blood erythrocytes, neutrophils, thrombocytes, lymphocytes and leukocytes in contrast to increase in number of immature circulating cells. Hyperplasia, degeneration of glomeruli, presence of inflammatory cells and increased number of melanomacrophage aggregates, vacuolization of cell cytoplasm, hepatocyte swelling were marked in kidney and liver of fish. Ladder in, an increment of 180-200 bp of hepatic and kidney DNA, by electrophoresis were consistent with DNA damage. 10 days exposure to acid mine drainage resulted in reduction of double stranded DNA to 46.0±4.1 and 48.0±1.5 in hepatocytes and kidney cells respectively. Significant increase (P < 0.01) in tail length (TL) and % tail DNA was evident by comet assay. The results suggest that exposure to acid mine drainage may cause irreversible damage to immune cells, tissue and DNA of fish, and this model of DNA damage may contribute to identifying novel molecular mechanism of interest for bioremediation application.Not Availabl

Badis pancharatnaensis, a new percoid fish species from Brahmaputra River drainage, Assam, India (Teleostei: Badidae)

Badis pancharatnaensis, a new percomorph, is described from the Brahmaputra River drainage of Assam, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: a conspicuous black blotch on the superficial part of cleithrum; pointed soft dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins, the 2nd soft ray of pelvic-fin reaching slightly beyond the vent; 13 ‒ 14 pectoral-fin rays; circumpeduncular scales 14 ‒ 17; body depth 28.2 ‒ 33.8% of SL; interorbital distance 7.1 ‒ 9.4% of SL; and 28 number of vertebrae

A new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae: Schistura) from Arunachal Pradesh, India

Choudhury, Hrishikesh, Dey, Abhinit, Bharali, Ratul Ch., Sarma, Dandadhar, Vishwanath, Waikhom (2019): A new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae: Schistura) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 4551 (1), DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.1.

Psilorhynchus kamengensis, a new species of fish (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from northeast India

Psilorhynchus kamengensis, new species, is described from a stream of the Kameng River, a northern tributary to the Brahmaputra drainage, Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. The new species belongs to the P. balitora species group and can be distinguished from all other members of this group by the presence of a longer post-epiphyseal fontanelle, 3 unbranched anal-fin rays, 9 + 8 caudal-fin rays, 35 vertebrae and fin coloration. The validity of the species is also corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cyt b gene

Schistura syngkai, a new fish species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Meghalaya northeast India

Choudhury, Hrishikesh, Mukhim, D. Khlur B., Dey, Abhinit, Warbah, Deisakee P., Sarma, Dandadhar (2019): Schistura syngkai, a new fish species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Meghalaya northeast India. Zootaxa 4701 (2): 185-191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.2.

Schistura larketensis, a new cavernicolous fish (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Meghalaya, Northeast India

Schistura larketensis, a new species of cavernicolous loach, is described from Khung, a limestone cave in Meghalaya, India. The species differs from Schistura papulifera, its troglomorphic congener from northeast India, in having a smooth ventral surface of the head, the presence of a small cylindrical axillary pelvic lobe, and the presence of three pores in the supratemporal canal of the cephalic lateral-line system. Apart from these differences, the species can be immediately distinguished from all other species of Schistura from the Brahmaputra River and neighboring basins by the complete absence (or vestigial presence) of eyes

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Not AvailableThe chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis) is an important food and game fish of North Eastern India. To study the phylogenetic status we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of N. hexagonolepis. The mitogenome is 16,563 bp in length and composed of 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and one putative control region. The overall base compositionwas A 31.8%, T 25.0%, G 15.8%, C 27.4% and A+T content 56.9%, G+C content 43.1%. The phylogenetic analysis using the complete mitochondrial genome revealed that the chocolate mahseer belonged to same clade of mahseer group of fishes but different from genera Barbus and Acrossocheilus. The present study will be helpful for the evolution and conservation genetic studies of N. hexagonolepis.Not Availabl

Complete mitochondrial genome of nearly threatened freshwater ornamental fish, Microphis deocata and its phylogenetic relationship within Syngnathidae

Microphis deocata (deocata pipefish), belonging to family Syngnathidae, is one of the important indigenous ornamental fish species listed as near threatened in the IUCN red list. Here, we first report the complete mitochondrial genome of deocata pipefish using Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,526 bp. It encompasses 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. The WANCY region (a cluster of five tRNA genes) contains the 50 bp OL light strand origin of replication. Phylogenetic analysis of Syngnathidae revealed M. deocata to cluster with Oostethus manadensis, forming a sister group with Doryrhamphus japonicas and Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus. The mitochondrial genome sequence data generated in the present study will play an important role in population genetic analysis and developing conservation strategies for this species