Cumulative incidence of diabetes by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease regression status.

Cumulative incidence of diabetes by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease regression status.</p

Hazard ratios for incident diabetes comparing participants with regressed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to those with persistent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in predefined subgroups in the first exam.

Adjusted for age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia at baseline visit.</p

Characteristics of study participants by change of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease status (<i>N</i> = 12,264).

Characteristics of study participants by change of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease status (N = 12,264).</p

Flowchart of study participants.

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is potentially reversible. However, whether improvement of NAFLD leads to clinical benefits remains uncertain. We investigated the association between regression of NAFLD and the risk of incident diabetes in a longitudinal way.MethodsA cohort of 11,260 adults who had NAFLD at in an initial exam, had the second evaluation for NAFLD status at 1~2 years from an initial exam were followed up for incident diabetes from 2001 and 2016. NAFLD was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasound.ResultsAt baseline, NAFLD was regressed in 2,559 participants (22.7%). During 51,388 person-years of follow-up (median 4 years), 1,768 participants developed diabetes. The fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident diabetes in participants with regressed NAFLD compared to those with persistent NAFLD was 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.92]. When assessed by NAFLD severity, among participants with a low NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (ConclusionsRegression of NAFLD was associated with decreased risk of incident diabetes compared to persistent NAFLD. However, the benefit was evident only for NAFLD patients with low NFS. This suggests that early intervention for NAFLD, before advanced fibrosis is present, may maximize the metabolic benefit from NAFLD regression.</div

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease regression (<i>N</i> = 11,260).

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease regression (N = 11,260).</p

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease regression by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in the first exam (<i>N</i> = 11,254)*.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease regression by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in the first exam (N = 11,254)*.</p

Additional file 2 of Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and patient-reported outcomes after lung cancer surgery

Additional file 2: Table S1. Changes in FEV1/FVC and patterns of ventilatory defect from baseline to 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery among patients with normal lung function before surgery (N = 431)

Additional file 1: of A train the trainer program for healthcare professionals tasked with providing psychosocial support to breast cancer survivors

Needs assessment for breast cancer survivors. Questions used for needs assessment of breast cancer survivors. (DOCX 26 kb

Additional file 1: of Serial blood eosinophils and clinical outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table S1. Use of ICS containing inhalers or systemic corticosteroids during the follow-up period. Table S2. Stability of blood eosinophils in patients with blood eosinophils measured more than two times. (DOCX 21 kb

Additional file 1: of Favorable longitudinal change of lung function in patients with asthma-COPD overlap from a COPD cohort

Table S1. The component distribution of ACO. Table S2. Longitudinal change of annual forced expiratory volume in 1 s (mL) in ACO by use of ICS/LABA or ICS during follow up (n = 47). (DOCX 15 kb