Biological and Chemical Management Strategy to Control Brown Spot Disease in Rice Caused by Bipolaris oryzae

The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various fungicides in managing rice brown spot, a common fungal disease in India that can reduce crop yield and seed quality. During 2020-21 crop seasons, a research project was conducted in the experimental plot of the Department of Plant Pathology at the College of Agriculture in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Different treatments involving fungicide application at various rice growth stages were implemented. The results showed that all treatments involving fungicides significantly reduced the incidence of rice brown spot in-vitro condition and increased crop yield when compared to the control group. Among the fungicides, Difenoconazole 25% EC at a concentration of 200ppm proved to be highly effective in controlling the growth of the fungal mycelium. In in-vivo condition, the treatment involving T4, which includes seed treatment with the bio-control agent Trichoderma viride (10g/kg seeds), the application of Trichoderma viride (10g/l) at 15-20 days after transplanting, and the application of propiconazole (1g/l) at the booting exhibited the highest level of reduction in the incidence of brown spot disease, amounting to 13.6 per cent. The integrated management approach are very effective to control the brown spot disease in rice

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Precision Agriculture: A Review

Precision agriculture aims to optimize crop production and minimise environmental impacts by using information technology, remote sensing, satellite positioning systems, and proximal data gathering. This review paper examines current applications and future directions of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) for precision agriculture. Remote sensing provides data on crop health, soil conditions, water status, and yield which can guide variable rate applications within fields. Satellite and aerial platforms allow multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for vegetation indices analysis, crop classification, and stress detection. GIS technology integrates these data layers to model and map variations, develop prescription maps, and analyse spatial relationships. Key research frontiers include high-resolution satellite and drone data for within-field analysis, better integration of proximal and remote sensing, online nutrient and yield monitors, real-time prescription modelling, and predictive analytics using machine learning. Adoption continues to increase with better data analytics tools and greater economic returns realized. Remote sensing and GIS provide an integral platform for variable rate technologies, predictive modelling, and data-driven decision-making for precision agriculture

Impact of Long-term Use of Fertilizers and Manure on Distribution of Soil-inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in a Vertisol

The field experiment was conducted during the kharif season under the AICRP on Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. The investigation was carried out to assess the distribution of P fractions in Vertisol after the harvesting of the soybean crop. Eight treatments were imposed with four replications in a simple randomized block design. The treatments were applied in combination with different doses of fertilizer viz., T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% N), T5 (100% NP), T6 (100% NPK+FYM), T7 (100% NPK-S), and T8 (control). Through the findings, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (dS m-1) did not show significant changes even after the long-term application of various fertilizer levels compared to their initial values. The treatment with 100% NPK + FYM exhibited the highest organic carbon (g kg-1) content and available N, P, and K (kg ha-1) content over the control. The various forms of phosphorus in the soil were observed in the following order: Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Occluded-P > Saloid-P . The Ca-P content was highest when 100% NPK fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM) were used together. The analysis showed that the presence of saloid-P significantly influences the availability of phosphorus in Vertisol soil. Based on the current investigation, it is recommended to use integrated nutrient management, which includes both 100% NPK fertilizer and FYM, to prevent phosphorus deficiency in soybean cultivation in Vertisol