Interesting results - but are they valid?

QCA\u2019s grasp on causation is often questioned from a probabilistic, experimental understanding of validity. QCA results however rely on logical and set-theoretical inferences. Is a difference in languages enough to justify a separate validity yardsticks? And what secures that QCA is delivering valid results? The review of quantitative and qualitative exemplary yardsticks shows that traditions share validity concerns, yet give them different contents. The article argues that such difference is legitimized by the special assumptions about causation that inform their research processes. It therefore clarifies QCA causal ontology, identifies its special threats, and evaluates the strategies in use to prevent or tackle them - also adding a new one to address over-specified hypotheses. In this, the nomothetic yardstick proves to be a fertile framework, yet hardly a proper guideline for solutions

Yardsticks, Paradigms, and the Beast

This paper aims to support the position questioning the relevance of the European democratic deficit because conventional yardsticks have changed \u2013but from a policy\u2010process viewpoint. Starting from Rodrik\u2019s \u201caugmented trilemma\u201d, I\u2019ll argue that conventional yardsticks revolve around the \u201cgovernment model\u201d of the Bretton\u2010Woods compromise, where limited capital mobility allowed the segmentation of the economic space into domestic markets that the Musgravian approach to public goods put under political control. But the paradigm shift of the 1980s freed capitals and hence pushed political systems to choose their new position within the trilemma: adopting the golden straitjacket and delivering even public goods via national (quasi\u2010)markets, as in the UK; or giving up the State primacy and relying on overlapping markets and local communities\u2019 deliveries, as in Sweden. In both cases, I\u2019ll show how policy legitimacy there lies on the outcome side of policies and effectiveness evaluation \u2013a new arena where distinctive modes of stakeholders\u2019 and policy\u2010takers\u2019 participation draw \u201cunconventional\u201d accountability mechanisms and thus re\u2010design political rights. Since its commitment toward the neo\u2010lib paradigm, it\u2019s instead to these two models that the EU governance system could refer in order to fix its legitimacy problems \u2013 given the international integration wave still keeps up

Dispositivi istituzionali per «buone» politiche pubbliche : il notice-and-comment americano

Larga parte della letteratura condivide l\u2019assunto secondo cui la qualit\ue0 delle politiche pubbliche dipende dalle istituzioni in cui vengono forgiate. Altrettanto consolidata \ue8 per\uf2 anche la convinzione che non esista un solo modo per fare le buone policy, e che i dispositivi concreti debbano essere diversi in rapporto al tipo di sistema politico, per rispettarne i principi fondativi e inserirsi in modo produttivo entro le sue dinamiche. Il lavoro ricostruisce la razionalit\ue0 dei disegni istituzionali efficaci e, nel contesto dei sistemi politici pluralisti, si concentra sul caso del notice-and-comment americano, ripercorrendone evoluzione ed effetti del funzionamento

Nuova governance fiscale e Parlamento

Ciclicamente, e spesso in corrispondenza di crisi o cambiamenti internazionali, il processo italiano di bilancio \ue8 stato sottoposto a riforme ispirate a benchmarks internazionali di governo della spesa. Ci\uf2 nonostante, le decisioni di finanza pubblica non sono mai diventate stabilmente \uabresponsabili\ubb: gruppi e territori continuano a riversare su di esse le loro domande \uabmicro-distributive\ubb, mentre il sistema politico mantiene la tendenza a soddisfarle. L\u2019analisi esplora le possibili cause della scarsa incisivit\ue0 delle riforme, e argomenta la debolezza di due spiegazioni consolidate \u2013 quella basata sulle convinzioni economiche dei decisori e quella basata sugli incentivi politici all\u2019irresponsabilit\ue0 fiscale \u2013 per concentrarsi su una terza, basata sulle occasioni di irresponsabilit\ue0. In questa chiave, a contare per la qualit\ue0 della decisione di bilancio non sarebbe tanto o solo la diffusione di idee economiche, o la costruzione di un \uabdittatore benevolo\ubb, quanto l\u2019incapacit\ue0 della programmazione nazionale di contenere o disciplinare l\u2019influenza delle domande micro-distributive sulla spesa. Il lavoro evidenzia inoltre come le previsioni europee del Fiscal Compact, allargando la sorveglianza multilaterale dai soli risultati contabili alle premesse delle decisioni domestiche di bilancio, intervengano esattamente sulla capacit\ue0 di programmazione nazionale. Si rileva infine come la recente riforma nazionale abbia fatto proprie le prescrizioni europee, ma come questa ambiziosa trasformazione possa deragliare se, sulla falsariga delle prassi esistenti, il Parlamento continuer\ue0 a essere sostanzialmente escluso dal dialogo tecnico sulla sostenibilit\ue0 della spesa. Perci\uf2 il lavoro si chiude con una rassegna di soluzioni utilizzate in altri paesi per promuovere la \uabpropriet\ue0 politica responsabile\ubb delle Camere sulla spesa

Either effective or democratic? : Considerations on the accountability of the European Central Bank

Accountability is a concept usually applied to delegated policy makers, to indicate their obligations to justify their behavior with respect to some legitimate legal, expert, and public concern. The contribution considers whether and to what extent the concept and related obligations can apply to the European Central Bank

La governance europea

To explain the institutional developments of the EC/EU, the traditional theories of European integration used to build their arguments around two opposite and well-known models of public authority, the International Organisation one vs. the State one: But both of these yardsticks have proven to be of limited heuristic power, faced with the peculiarity of the EC/EU institutional configuration. The deadlock that classic theories run into, then, was just bypassed by the following studies, that left behind the "ontological question" to focus on middle-range fields or specific dynamics, driven by the idea that the system had a unique nature, but the way it worked could be known and named. Thus, the post-ontological studies often referred to the European institutional level as a "governance system", to indicate that the EC/EU is able to allocate values by shaping trans-boundary policy processes, but through an institutional interplay hardly referable to some conventional political model. Thus, this paper aims (1) to analyse the different contents attached to the "governance" label in European studies since the fixing Hix made when talking of a "new governance agenda" in 1998, (2) to recast the ontological question in the light of the "new governance", a theoretical framework linking Rosenau's concept of self-sustaining trans-boundary "Spheres of Authority" to policy cycles now decoupled from the nation-state jurisdictions, and (3) to define and apply this framework to the institutional development of the EC/EU, to identify the reasons beneath the common project actual stalemate

An IAD perspective on administrative accountability

Accountability is the control side in a relationship of delegation. Its devices elicit information from the agents to prove that they meet key values and legitimate concerns. Expected to yield effective and democratic policies, it can spoil them instead \u2014 and the debate is still open on which facets exactly matter. The Institutional Analysis and Development framework suggests that convincing reasons lie in the institutional design. To it, institutions are effective as enforced instructions that restrain the players\u2019 strategies in an action situation \u2014 and their power varies with the contents and the completeness of their syntax. Following the framework, the article locates the critical juncture of accountability in the administrative sphere, and the roots of the dilemma in the distrust that accountability designs entail when they conceive the bureaucracy as an agent instead than as a trustee. Finally, it applies the Institutional Grammar Tool to the procedures that can mark the difference between the agent\u2019s and the trustee\u2019s design, in the prospect of empirical adjudication

Convincing explanations with QCA : the contribution of “essential” configurational models

Since long, the scientific discourse maintains that sound models are a necessary requisite to convincing explanations. How to design them so that they suit configurational thinking is the question that Amenta and Poulsen first have explicitly put in the methodological agenda of Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The article contributes to the substantive and to the technical side of the answer. It reasons that the cogency of the starting hypothesis requires factors supporting the expectation that, were they jointly given, the outcome would certainly obtain; and considers Ostrom\u2019s \u201caction situation\u201d as a fruitful framework for guidance in selection. It then addresses the related risk of overly rich models by adapting Baumgartner\u2019s difference-making principle for specification tests to be run on candidate factors before minimizations. Exercises in replication will show the extent to which these criteria provide a useful diagnostics of existing models, and a blueprint for more convincing configurational explanations