International Migration and Household Agricultural Production Decisions: The Case of El Salvador

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/23/07.Farm Management,

A spectrum of ozone from 760 to 5800 cm-1

An atlas of O3 lines between 760 and 5800/cm obtained from a low pressure, long-path-length sample of O3 at 296K is presented. Many of the line centers are marked and their positions tabulated

Incentivizing Fruit, Vegetable, and Physical Activity Level Change: Expansion and Evaluation of the Fit Game Program for Healthy Behavior Change in Elementary Schools

Researchers in the Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science department and Psychology department sought to improve healthy behaviors in elementary schools such as fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and daily physical activity (PA). We chose to use a healthy behavior program called the “FIT Game” that has successfully increased FV consumption among elementary-aged children over short periods of time. Our aim was to improve the program by lowering operating costs, adjusting its materials to target PA and see if it could maintain healthy eating improvements over a longer period of time. Our series of research shows encouraging results: short term improvements in healthy eating using the low-cost FIT Game; improvements in PA; and maintained improvements in FV consumption over longer durations. Improving healthy behaviors such as FV consumption and daily PA are important goals that can improve future health. Using the FIT Game intervention represents a low-cost and sustainable way to work toward these goals

Libro a naisurátan: Pagsasalin, Panghihiram, at ang Unang Aklat sa Ilocano

Sa pagbuo ng Libro a naisurátan ámin ti bagás ti Dotrina Cristiana (1620), isang akdang pinagsama ang mga payak na salik ng pananampalatayang Katoliko (iba’t ibang dasal, halimbawa), isang maikling katekismo, at ang Doctrina ng Kardinal Roberto Belarmino, at sa pagsasalin sa mga ito sa Ilocano, kinailangan ng Agustinong si Francisco Lopez ng ilang sanggunian para sa isang sasapat na bokabularyo. Kasama dito ang ilang salitang Ilocano, mga salitang Español na naisakatutubo, at mga hiram na terminong Español na wari walang tumbas sa Ilocano. Marami sa mga gawaing ito ang nagawa na bago pa man dumating si Lopez sa rehiyong Ilocos, dahil na rin naroon na ang mga prayleng Español mula pa noong 1574. Subalit sa sukat na rin ni Lopez, mahalagang maisama, bago pa man ang mismong doktrina, ang glosaryo ng mga salitang kinailangang hiramin (agpabulod). Kakatwa ang listahang ito dahil na rin sa dalawang dahilan. Una, pamilyar ang ilan sa mga salitang ito, tulad na lang ng unang salita sa nasabing listahan, ang libro. Ikalawa, sa kabuoan ng doktrina, may mga salitang halatang kinailangang hiramin, subalit hindi naisama sa glosaryo o naitalang hiniram. Bakit may ganitong hindi pagkakapare-pareho? Mahalagang makita ang pag-akda ni Lopez sa Libro a naisurátan sa konteksto ng mga alituntunin hinggil sa pagsasalin at mga katekismo simula sa Konseho ng Trent at nagpatuloy hanggang sa unang tatlong Konseho sa Mexico (1555, 1565, 1585). Sa gayon, makikita ang isang larawang nagpapakita kay Lopez bilang walang kalayaan o ahensiya na maaaring mapagkamalan sa kaniya. Ipinapakita ng glosaryo na nalimitahan si Lopez sa kaniyang pagsasalin ng mahahalagang kasulatan ng pananampalatayang Katoliko sa Ilocano. Bilang isang prayle, nalimitahan si Lopez ng pangangailangang magkaroon ng pamantayan sa pag-akda ng doktrina, pati na ng kaniyang pangakong pagsunod sa simbahan. Sa huli, ang kinalabasan nito ay ito ngang tinatawag na Libro a naisurátan ámin ti bagás ti Dotrina Cristiana

NATURALIZATION THROUGH MILITARY SERVICE

This thesis analyzes the accelerated process for immigrants to become naturalized citizens in the United States and the arguments made for and against the allowance of the process and having immigrants serve in the U.S. military. Immigrants have been serving in the U.S. armed forces since the Revolutionary War and have had an expedited pathway to citizenship since 1952, when the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952 established guidelines to the process. The Trump administration enacted policy changes that impacted the ability of the Military Accessions Vital to National Interest (MAVNI) program to recruit service members and the ability for members to be naturalized. This thesis explores the history of changes made to the immigration and naturalization policy and how that has influenced the policy in place today. The standard and accelerated policies are described as well as the goals of the MAVNI program. The discussion continues into the main arguments made for the allowance of immigrants to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces and those against, as well as recommendations for the path forward with allowing immigrants to serve in the armed forces and the continued use of the process for naturalization through military service.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Household Food Expenditures across Income Groups: Do Poor Households Spend Differently than Rich Ones?

The Life Cycle - Permanent Income Hypotheses (LCPIH) suggests that the timing of an income payment or government transfer should have no effect on the expenditures of the recipient. In this paper we test the LCPIH against a dynamic model of household consumption which predicts clustered food expenditure. We use data from 7,013 households in fifty-two urban and peri-urban markets throughout the United States containing detailed daily expenditure data collected by ACNielsen Homescan for 2003. Specifically, we examine aggregate food expenditure patterns, shopping trip patterns, and expenditure patterns across retail channels over calendar weeks, weekly seven day cycles, and days of the week. Our main finding is that households in the lowest 25 percent of the income distribution that have zero employed people have a significantly higher differenced expenditure level in the beginning of the month and significantly lower differenced expenditure in the last week or weeks of the calendar month, thus rejecting the LCPIH. Further, we find that, in general, households do not use convenience stores as a complementary retail channel to the grocery channel.Consumer/Household Economics,

The Impact and Influence Mentoring has on African-American Leaders in Nonprofits

This dissertation in transformational leadership demonstrates and characterizes research that support minority leaders seeking leadership roles within the nonprofit sector across New York state. This study gathered and learned varied perspectives and experiences of mentor relationships by interviewing people of color, primarily mature, African-American leaders from nonprofit organizations in New York state. The primary goal of this study was to determine trends and test the assumption whether mentor relationships would affect and influence African-Americans seeking executive level nonprofit leadership. The phenomenological design used for this study included face-to-face interviews and demographic surveys from individuals who participated in the study. This study contributes to the study of transformational leadership in that it provides future leaders lived experiences of how mentor relationships encouraged, motivated, and build other leaders over time. Results of the study show that mentor relationships have a significant impact and influence on job attainment, continued growth and development in the workplace, and changes the narrative for people of color, namely African-Americans