Upalni pseudotumor vrata maternice: prikaz slučaja s pregledom literature

The third recorded case of an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the cervix is reported. IPT is considered to be a benign, self-limited lesion of obscure etiology. The condition is thought to be related to an unusual tissue response to injury, past fungal or bacterial infection and autoimmune disorders. In December 2003, an 18-year-old nulliparous woman presented in our hospital with dysfunctional bleeding. An incidental finding of a solitary leiomyoma-like mass, measuring 4.2 by 3.8 cm, originating from the cervix, was detected by gynecological examination. The tumor was surgically excised. Samples were stained by H&E, Gomori, pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, SMA, myoglobin, desmin, s-100, CD-68, Factor VIII and p53. Microscopic evaluation of H/E samples showed a distinctive mesenchymal lesion composed of spindle cells displaying morphological features of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and histiocytes mixed with a considerable number of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a positive reaction to vimentin, SMA, myoglobin, CD-68, and some tumor cells were unexpectedly positive to s-100. Gomori and Factor VIII emphasized the reticulin/capillary network. Although extremely rare in this site, IPT should be taken into consideration if mesenchymal lesion or a tumor-like inflammatory and reparative-like lesion is a matter for differential diagnosis. Surgical resection is the commonest therapy, but corticosteroids, NSAIDs and chemotherapy are also used. Two years after IPT excision with no histological evidence of malignancy, our patient is feeling well with no signs of relapse. In this as well as in other similar cases we would suggest a long-term follow-up.Prikazujemo treći dosad opisani slučaj upalnog pseudotumora (IPT, od engl. inflammatory pseudotumor) vrata maternice. IPT se smatra dobroćudnom, samoograničavajućom tvorbom nejasne etiologije. Bolest se povezuje s neuobičajenom reakcijom tkiva na ozljedu, prijašnju gljivičnu ili bakterijsku infekciju i autoimunosne poremećaje. U prosincu 2003. 18-godišnja žena koja dotad nije rađala došla je u bolnicu radi disfunkcionalnog krvarenja. Na ginekološkom pregledu slučajno je na vratu maternice otkrivena odvojena nakupina slična leiomiomu veličine 4,2 x 3,8 cm. Tumor je kirurški uklonjen. U analizi uzoraka primijenjeni su: hemalaun-eozin (H&E), Gomori, pancitokeratin, vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, desmin, s-100, CD-68, faktor VIII i p53. Mikroskopska analiza uzoraka bojanih H/E pokazala je distinktivnu mezenhimnu tvorbu građenu od vretenastih stanica s morfološkim značajkama miofibroblasta, fibroblasta i histiocita pomiješanih sa znatnim brojem upalnih stanica. Imunohistokemijska analiza pokazala je pozitivnu reakciju na vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, CD-68, dok su pojedinačne tumorske stanice bile neočekivano pozitivne na S-100. Gomori i Faktor VIII naglašavali su retikulinsko-kapilarnu mrežu. Iako iznimno rijedak na ovome mjestu, upalni pseudotumor bi se diferencijalno dijagnostički trebao uzeti u obzir ako se radi o mezenhimalnoj tvorbi nalik tumoru ili reparativnoj promjeni. Pored kirurške resekcije koja je najčešći oblik liječenja, u liječenju ove tvorbe također se rabe i kortikosteroidi, nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi te kemoterapija. Dvije godine nakon uklanjanja IPT bez histoloških naznaka zloćudne bolesti bolesnica se osjeća dobro i nema recidiva bolesti. U ovom kao i u drugim sličnim slučajevima preporučili bismo dugotrajno praćenje bolesnica

Upalni pseudotumor vrata maternice: prikaz slučaja s pregledom literature

The third recorded case of an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the cervix is reported. IPT is considered to be a benign, self-limited lesion of obscure etiology. The condition is thought to be related to an unusual tissue response to injury, past fungal or bacterial infection and autoimmune disorders. In December 2003, an 18-year-old nulliparous woman presented in our hospital with dysfunctional bleeding. An incidental finding of a solitary leiomyoma-like mass, measuring 4.2 by 3.8 cm, originating from the cervix, was detected by gynecological examination. The tumor was surgically excised. Samples were stained by H&E, Gomori, pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, SMA, myoglobin, desmin, s-100, CD-68, Factor VIII and p53. Microscopic evaluation of H/E samples showed a distinctive mesenchymal lesion composed of spindle cells displaying morphological features of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and histiocytes mixed with a considerable number of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a positive reaction to vimentin, SMA, myoglobin, CD-68, and some tumor cells were unexpectedly positive to s-100. Gomori and Factor VIII emphasized the reticulin/capillary network. Although extremely rare in this site, IPT should be taken into consideration if mesenchymal lesion or a tumor-like inflammatory and reparative-like lesion is a matter for differential diagnosis. Surgical resection is the commonest therapy, but corticosteroids, NSAIDs and chemotherapy are also used. Two years after IPT excision with no histological evidence of malignancy, our patient is feeling well with no signs of relapse. In this as well as in other similar cases we would suggest a long-term follow-up.Prikazujemo treći dosad opisani slučaj upalnog pseudotumora (IPT, od engl. inflammatory pseudotumor) vrata maternice. IPT se smatra dobroćudnom, samoograničavajućom tvorbom nejasne etiologije. Bolest se povezuje s neuobičajenom reakcijom tkiva na ozljedu, prijašnju gljivičnu ili bakterijsku infekciju i autoimunosne poremećaje. U prosincu 2003. 18-godišnja žena koja dotad nije rađala došla je u bolnicu radi disfunkcionalnog krvarenja. Na ginekološkom pregledu slučajno je na vratu maternice otkrivena odvojena nakupina slična leiomiomu veličine 4,2 x 3,8 cm. Tumor je kirurški uklonjen. U analizi uzoraka primijenjeni su: hemalaun-eozin (H&E), Gomori, pancitokeratin, vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, desmin, s-100, CD-68, faktor VIII i p53. Mikroskopska analiza uzoraka bojanih H/E pokazala je distinktivnu mezenhimnu tvorbu građenu od vretenastih stanica s morfološkim značajkama miofibroblasta, fibroblasta i histiocita pomiješanih sa znatnim brojem upalnih stanica. Imunohistokemijska analiza pokazala je pozitivnu reakciju na vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, CD-68, dok su pojedinačne tumorske stanice bile neočekivano pozitivne na S-100. Gomori i Faktor VIII naglašavali su retikulinsko-kapilarnu mrežu. Iako iznimno rijedak na ovome mjestu, upalni pseudotumor bi se diferencijalno dijagnostički trebao uzeti u obzir ako se radi o mezenhimalnoj tvorbi nalik tumoru ili reparativnoj promjeni. Pored kirurške resekcije koja je najčešći oblik liječenja, u liječenju ove tvorbe također se rabe i kortikosteroidi, nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi te kemoterapija. Dvije godine nakon uklanjanja IPT bez histoloških naznaka zloćudne bolesti bolesnica se osjeća dobro i nema recidiva bolesti. U ovom kao i u drugim sličnim slučajevima preporučili bismo dugotrajno praćenje bolesnica

A retrospective survey on injuries in Croatian football/soccer referees

BACKGROUND: Injury among soccer referees is rarely studied, especially with regard to differences in the quality level of the refereeing. Additionally, we have found no study that has reported injury occurrence during official physical fitness testing for soccer referees. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and consequences of match-related and fitness-testing related injuries among soccer referees of different competitive levels. METHODS: We studied 342 soccer referees (all males; mean age 32.9 ± 5.02 years). The study was retrospective, and a self-administered questionnaire was used. In the first phase of the study, the questionnaire was tested for its reliability and applicability. The questionnaire included morphological/anthropometric data, refereeing variables, and musculoskeletal disorders together with the consequences. RESULTS: The sample comprised 157 main referees (MR; mean age 31.4 ± 4.9 years) and 185 assistant referees (AR; mean age 34.1 ± 5.1 years) divided into: international level (Union of European Football Associations-UEFA) referees (N = 18; 6 MRs; 12 ARs) ; 1(st) (N = 78; 31 MRs; 47 ARs), 2(nd) (N = 91; 45 MRs; 46 ARs); or 3(rd) national level referees (N = 155; 75 MRs; 80 ARs). In total, 29% (95%CI: 0.23–0.37) of the MRs and 30% (95%CI: 0.22–0.36) of the ARs had experienced an injury during the previous year, while 13% (95%CI: 0.05–0.14) of the MRs, and 19% (95%CI: 0.14–0.25) of the ARs suffered from an injury that occurred during fitness testing. There was an obvious increase in injury severity as the refereeing advanced at the national level, but the UEFA referees were the least injured of all referees. The results showed a relatively high prevalence of injuries to the upper leg (i.e., quadriceps and hamstrings) during physical fitness testing for all but the UEFA referees. During game refereeing, the ankles and lower legs were the most commonly injured regions. The MRs primarily injured their ankles. The ARs experienced lower leg and lower back disorders. However, the overall injury rate was equal for both groups, with 5.29 (95%CI: 2.23–8.30) and 4.58 (95%CI: 2.63–6.54) injuries per 1000 hours of refereeing for MRs and ARs, respectively. CONCLUSION: In addition to the reported risk of injury during soccer games, physical fitness testing should be classified as a risk for injury among soccer referees. Special attention should be given to (I) lower leg injuries during games and (II) upper leg injuries during physical fitness tests. A higher physical fitness level and a qualitative approach to training are recognized as protective factors against injury. Subsequent studies should investigate the specific predictors of injuries among referees

Smart grid substation equipment maintenance management functionality based on control center SCADA data

Classic approach to preventive maintenance of equipment in power system substations was based on periodical maintenance according to regulations and best practices recommended by vendors. SCADA system in HOPS is used primary for real-time monitoring and control of the equipment in substations. Real time data available in SCADA databases contain useful information for substation maintenance optimization based on operational conditions. Malfunctions and failures in the substations are monitored via SCADA system. Analyses of these data can be used to evaluate maintenance strategy and plan the reconstructions and replacement of the equipment. This article presents current maintenance management approach in HOPS, which is the only transmission system operator in Croatia, and possible improvements in efficiency of equipment maintenance using SCADA data. Prerequisite for the analyses of these kinds of data is standardization and unification of information names and structures. HOPS put a lot of effort in standardization of SCADA data during last refurbishment of control centers. Use of SCADA data for analysis drives the need for standardization and vice versa. Examples of statistical analyses of the SCADA data are done on multiple levels. High level analyses is used to provide the global overview of the real time data. It can point to suspicious information that require detailed analyses. The signals that appear often in the list can indicate that there is a problem in the primary equipment, monitoring system or alarm configuration. Low level analyses can be done on target information important for equipment maintenance. In this paper some low level analyses are presented for switching equipment, transformer lifetime, equipment in operation, and tap changer operation. An analysis is made for number of switching operations for breakers and disconnectors in different operational conditions. Preventive maintenance should be done based on number of switching in normal operations and even more often for breakers that are often interrupting fault current. SCADA data can be used for availability of the equipment and duration of failures thus providing valuable information to managers. An analysis on RTU communication availability is shown

Halogenated salicylanilides - flukicide drugs

Klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid su antiparazitski lijekovi iz skupine salicilanilida sa specifičnim djelovanjem protiv metilja u preživača. Zbog velike sposobnosti vezanja ovih spojeva za albumine u krvnoj plazmi distribucija u tkiva je slaba, što rezultira i znatno manjom koncentracijom u bubrezima, jetri, masti i mišićima. Njihovo je djelovanje je stoga učinkovitije protiv odraslih metilja koji se uglavnom hrane krvlju dok je protiv mlađih stadija parazita, koji se više hrane stanicama jetre, njihova djelotvornost znatno manja. Prema mehanizmu djelovanja klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid spadaju u vodikove (protonske) ionofore. Narušavanjem gradijenta protona preko unutarnje mitohondrijske membrane selektivno sprečavaju sintezu ATP-a i djeluju kao blokatori procesa oksidativne fosforilacije u metiljima. Zbog nepravilne upotrabe antiparazitskih lijekova (nepoštivanje preporučenih doza ili karencije) dolazi do pojave njihovih rezidua u hrani životinjskog podrijetla i samim time s obzirom na dokazana toksična svojstva koja posjeduju rizika po ljudsko zdravlje. Budzći da klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid mogu biti dostupni u kombinaciji s drugim antiparaziticima, njihovo određivanje u tkivima uglavnom uključuje razvoj multikomponentnih metoda koje se temelje na selektivnim tehnikama pročišćavanja uzoraka (SPE, QuEChERS) uz osjetljivu detekciju spektrometrijom masa (MS/MS, TOF/MS). U sklopu nacionalnih monitoring programa zemalja Europske unije na rezidue antiparazitskih lijekova u životinjama i proizvodima životinjskog podrijetla, u razdoblju od 2009. do 2019. godine, ovi su spojevi prema Uredbi Komisije (EZ) br. 37/2010 detektirani u koncentracijama višim od dopuštenih. Najviše pozitivnih uzoraka sadržavalo je klozantel, a gledajući samo posljednjih pet godina klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid zajedno čine gotovo 50 % svih nesukladnih rezultata u uzorcima pretraženim na B2a podgrupu spojeva.Closantel, rafoxanide and oxyclozanide are anthelmintic agents, classified as salicylanilides, with fasciolicidal activity in ruminants. Due to their extensive plasma protein binding, they are poorly distributed to tissues, resulting in several-fold lower concentrations detected in kidney, liver, fat and muscle. They are much more effective against adult liver flukes, which are known to feed mainly on blood, than against immature stages of flukes, which are thought to feed on liver cells rather than blood. In terms of their mode of action, closantel, rafoxanide and oxyclozanide can be considered proton ionofores. They prevent the production of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, selectively inhibiting ATP synthesis and therefore acting as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. If anthelmintic drugs are not administered properly (in the recommended doses or not adhering to withdrawal periods), their residues can be detected in foods of animal original, which poses a human health threat due to their toxicological properties. Since closantel, rafoxanide and oxyclozanide are mostly available in combination with other anthelmintics, their determination requires the development of multiresidue methods that unite selective sample preparation techniques (SPE, QuEChERS) with sensitive mass spectrometry detection (MS/MS, TOF/MS). These substances were reported in concentrations above the MRL values stipulated in Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010, in the EFSA reports for the period 2009–2019 for monitoring veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products in EU Member States. In non-compliant samples, closantel was the most commonly detected substance, while in the last five years alone, closantel, rafoxanide, and oxyclozanide together account for nearly 50% of all non-compliant results in samples screened for the B2a subgroup of compounds

Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Cervix: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Prikazani slučaj je treći dosad opisani upalni pseudotumor grlića maternice. Upalni pseudotumor smatra se dobroćudnom, samoograničavajućom tvorbom nejasne etiologije. Povezuje se s neuobičajenim odgovorom tkiva na ozljedu, prethodnu infekciju ili s autoimunim poremećajem. Iako iznimno rijedak na ovome mjestu, upalni pseudotumor bi se diferencijalno dijagnostički trebao uzeti u obzir ako se radi o mezenhimalnoj tvorbi nalik tumoru ili reparativnoj promjeni. U prosincu 2003. u našu bolnicu je zaprimljena 18-godišnja nulipara zbog disfunkcionalnog krvarenja. Slučajni nalaz pri ginekološkom pregledu bila je solitarna tumorska masa nalik leiomiomu, koja je mjerila 4,2 puta 3,8 cm, podrijetlom iz grlića maternice. Tumor je kirurški odstranjen. U analizi tumorskih uzoraka primijenjeni su: H&E, Gomori, pancitokeratin, vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, desmin, S-100, CD-68, Faktor VIII. i p53. Mikroskopska analiza H&E uzoraka pokazala je karakterističnu mezenhimalnu promjenu građenu od vretenastih stanica koje pokazuju morfološke značajke miofibroblasta, fibroblasta i histiocita pomiješanih sa znatnim brojem upalnih stanica. Imunohistokemijska analiza pokazala je pozitivnu reakciju na vimentin, SMA, mioglobin, CD-68, dok su pojedinačne tumorske stanice bile neočekivano pozitivne na S-100. Gomori i Faktor VIII. naglasili su retikulinsko-kapilarnu mrežu. Tri godine nakon odstranjenja upalnog pseudotumora bez histoloških naznaka malignosti bolesnica se osjeća dobro i nema recidiva bolesti. U ovom kao i u drugim sličnim slučajevima preporučili bismo dugotrajno praćenje bolesnica.The third recorded case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the cervix is reported. Inflammatory pseudotumor is considered to be a benign, self-limited lesion of obscure etiology. The condition is thought to be related to an unusual tissue response to injury, past infection and autoimmune disorders. Although extremely rare at this site, inflammatory pseudotumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mesenchymal lesion or tumor-like inflammatory and reparative-like lesion. In December 2003, an 18-year-old nullipara presented to our hospital for dysfunctional bleeding. A solitary leiomyoma-like growth measuring 4.2x3.8 cm, originating from the cervix, was incidentally found on gynecologic examination. The tumor was surgically excised. Samples were stained by H&E, Gomori, pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, desmin, S-100, CD-68, Factor VIII and p53. Microscopic evaluation of H&E samples showed a distinctive mesenchymal lesion composed of spindle cells displaying morphological features of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and histiocytes mixed with a considerable number of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive reaction to vimentin, smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, CD-68, and some tumor cells were unexpectedly positive for S-100. Gomori and Factor VIII emphasized the reticulin/capillary network. Three years after excision of the inflammatory pseudotumor of the cervix with no histologic evidence of malignancy, the patient is feeling well with no signs of relapse. In this as well as in other similar cases we suggest long-term follow up

The Influence of CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles on Superconductivity of MgB2

AbstractThe influence of CuFe2O4 nanoparticle doping on superconducting properties of Fe-sheated MgB2 wires has been studied. The wires containing 0, 3 and 7.5wt.% of monodisperse superparamagnetic nanoparticles (∼7nm) were sintered at 650°C or 750°C for 1 hour in the pure argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns of doped samples showed very small maxima corresponding to iron boride and an increase in the fraction of MgO phase indicating some interaction of nanoparticles with Mg and B. Both magnetic and transport measurements (performed in the temperature range 2–42K and magnetic field up to 16 T) showed strong deterioration of the superconducting properties upon doping with CuFe2O4. The transition temperatures, Tc, of doped samples decreased for about 1.4K per wt.% of CuFe2O4. Also, the irreversibility fields Birr(T) decreased progressively with increasing doping. Accordingly, also the suppression of Jc with magnetic field became stronger. The observed strong deterioration of superconducting properties of MgB2 wires is at variance with reported enhancement of critical currents at higher temperatures (determined from magnetization) in bulk MgB2 samples doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The probable reason for this discrepancy is briefly discusse

Size distribution of FeNiB nanoparticles

Two samples of amorphous nanoparticles FeNiB, one of them with SiO2 sheath around the core and one without, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The coating gives mean particle diameters of 4.3 nm compared to 7.2 nm for the uncoated particles. Magnetic measurements prove superparamagnetic behaviour above 160 K (350 K) for the coated (uncoated) sample. With use of effective anisotropy constant Keff – determined from hysteresis loops – size distributions are determined both from ZFC curves, as well as from relaxation measurements. Both are in good agreement and are very similar for both samples. Comparison with the size distribution determined from TEM pictures shows that magnetic clusters consist of only few physical particles

A Simple Computation and Visualization of Voltage Stability Power Margins in Real-Time

peer reviewedThis paper introduces a simple method to monitor power system voltage stability conditions in real-time. The method is based on the concept of Voltage Instability Predictor (VIP). The essence of the method is a simple computation of a voltage stability boundary based on VIP derived quantities. The stability boundary is assumed as a parabolic equation in the P-Q plane identified using measurements collected at a specific substation, transmission path, or load center. The computed stability boundary is further visualized in a P-Q plane, together with a point representing the current operating conditions, and generally re-computed as soon as the new set of measurements is collected (preferably at high rates using phasor measurement units). Simplicity and easy interpretation of the results brings this method as a useful tool to increase system operator situational awareness. Supporting results are provided using relatively big test system (52 bus Nordic test system) and a real-life system (a portion of the North-West USA system)

Smart grid substation equipment maintenance management functionality based on control center SCADA data

Classic approach to preventive maintenance of equipment in power system substations was based on periodical maintenance according to regulations and best practices recommended by vendors. SCADA system in HOPS is used primary for real-time monitoring and control of the equipment in substations. Real time data available in SCADA databases contain useful information for substation maintenance optimization based on operational conditions. Malfunctions and failures in the substations are monitored via SCADA system. Analyses of these data can be used to evaluate maintenance strategy and plan the reconstructions and replacement of the equipment. This article presents current maintenance management approach in HOPS, which is the only transmission system operator in Croatia, and possible improvements in efficiency of equipment maintenance using SCADA data. Prerequisite for the analyses of these kinds of data is standardization and unification of information names and structures. HOPS put a lot of effort in standardization of SCADA data during last refurbishment of control centers. Use of SCADA data for analysis drives the need for standardization and vice versa. Examples of statistical analyses of the SCADA data are done on multiple levels. High level analyses is used to provide the global overview of the real time data. It can point to suspicious information that require detailed analyses. The signals that appear often in the list can indicate that there is a problem in the primary equipment, monitoring system or alarm configuration. Low level analyses can be done on target information important for equipment maintenance. In this paper some low level analyses are presented for switching equipment, transformer lifetime, equipment in operation, and tap changer operation. An analysis is made for number of switching operations for breakers and disconnectors in different operational conditions. Preventive maintenance should be done based on number of switching in normal operations and even more often for breakers that are often interrupting fault current. SCADA data can be used for availability of the equipment and duration of failures thus providing valuable information to managers. An analysis on RTU communication availability is shown