Anisodamine combined with lidocaine improves healing of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Purpose: To study the effects of anisodamine (Ad) combined with lidocaine (Ldc) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats, and its correlation with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Methods: A total of 70 healthy rats were randomly divided into S group, M group, Ad group, Ldc group, Ad + Ldc group, Ad + Ldc + LY group, and LY group. The cardiac hemodynamic indices in each group were determined, and the area of myocardial infarction measured. Serum biochemical indices were also determined. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-Akt, T-Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax in myocardial cells were determined by Western blotting.Results: Compared with those in M group, Ad group, Ldc group, Ad + Ldc + LY group, and LY group, cardiac hemodynamic indices significantly improved, while the area of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Furthermore, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration but the activities of CK, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 declined, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and GSH-Px rose in Ad + Ldc group (p < 0.01). In Ad + Ldc group, p-Akt, T-Akt, and Bcl-2 increased, while Bax significantly decreased. Through comparison LY294002 significantly inhibited the protective effect of Ad combined with Ldc against MIRI in rats (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Anisodamine combination with lidocaine has a protective effect against MIRI in rats via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus indicating that it is a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion

Optical Amplification at 1525 nm in BaYF 5

We demonstrated optical amplification in BaYF5: 20% Yb3+, 2% Er3+ (BYF) nanocrystals doped polymer waveguide. BYF nanocrystals with an average size of ∼13 nm were synthesized by a high-boiling solvent process. Intense 1.53 μm fluorescence was obtained in the nanocrystals under excitation at 980 nm. An optical polymer waveguide was fabricated by using BYF nanocrystals doped SU-8 polymer as the core material. A relative optical gain of ∼10.4 dB at 1525 nm was achieved in a 1.1 cm long waveguide for an input signal power of ∼0.09 mW and a pump power of ∼212 mW

Performance Analysis of Single-Step Localization Method Based on Matrix Eigen-Perturbation Theory with System Errors

Direct position determination (DPD) is a novel technique in passive localization field recently, receiving superior localization performance compared with the conventional two-step method. The DPD estimator using Doppler shifts is first proposed by Weiss, but it is not suitable for antenna arrays. Additionally, the performance analysis of this method with system errors is absent. This study discusses the single-step localization problem based on moving arrays and exhibits the performance analysis via matrix eigen-perturbation theory with system errors. First, the DPD method using angle of arrival and Doppler shifts is introduced. Then, by adding the eigenvalue perturbations to the estimated Hermitian matrix, the asymptotic linear formulation of localization errors is derived. Consequently, the mean square error of the DPD method is available. Finally, Cramér⁻Rao bound without system errors is presented, providing a benchmark for the best localization precision and revealing the influence of system errors on the localization precision. Simulation results demonstrate the theoretical analysis in this study

A Fast ML-Based Single-Step Localization Method Using EM Algorithm Based on Time Delay and Doppler Shift for a Far-Field Scenario

This study discusses the localization problem based on time delay and Doppler shift for a far-field scenario. The conventional location methods employ two steps that first extract intermediate parameters from the received signals and then determine the source position from the measured parameters. As opposed to the traditional two-step methods, the direct position determination (DPD) methods accomplish the localization in a single step without computing intermediate parameters. However, the DPD cost function often remains non-convex, thereby it will cost a high amount of computational resources to find the estimated position through traversal search. Weiss proposed a DPD estimator to mitigate the computational complexity via eigenvalue decomposition. Unfortunately, when the computational resources are rather limited, Weiss’s method fails to satisfy the timeliness. To solve this problem, this paper develops a DPD estimator using expectation maximization (EM) algorithm based on time delay and Doppler shift. The proposed method starts from choosing the transmitter-receiver range vector as the hidden variable. Then, the cost function is separated and simplified via the hidden variable, accomplishing the transformation from the high dimensional nonlinear search problem into a few one dimensional search subproblems. Finally, the expressions of EM repetition are obtained through Laplace approximation. In addition, we derive the Cramér–Rao bound to evaluate the best localization performance in this paper. Simulation results confirm that, on the basis of guaranteeing high accuracy, the proposed algorithm makes a good compromise in localization performance and computational complexity

KMnF₃:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ Core-Active-Shell Nanoparticles with Broadband Down-Shifting Luminescence at 1.5 μm for Polymer-Based Waveguide Amplifiers

In this study, we prepared cubic-phase oleic-acid-coated KMnF3: Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles (NPs) and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ NPs, which were about 23 nm. From the down-shifting emissions spectra of the two NPs obtained by 980 nm excitation, we observed the fact that the KMnF3: 18%Yb3+,1%Er3+ NPs were a luminescent material with a broadband near-infrared emission of 1.5 μm, and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 55 cm−1, which was wider than that of the NaYF4: 18%Yb3+,1% NPs. Therefore, we believe that the oleic-acid-coated KMnF3:Yb3+,Er3+ NPs have great potential in fabricating broadband waveguide amplifiers. Through epitaxial growth of a KMnF3: Yb3+ active-shell on the core NPs, we compounded KMnF3:Yb3+,Er3+@KMnF3:Yb3+ core-active-shell NPs whose 1.5-μm infrared emissions intensity was 3.4 times as strong as that of the core NPs. In addition, we manufactured waveguide amplifiers using KMnF3:18%Yb3+,1%Er3+@KMnF3:2%Yb3+ NPs as the core materials of the waveguide amplifiers. When the input signal power was 0.2 mW and the pump power was 200 mW, we achieved a relative gain of 0.6 dB at 1534 nm in a 10-mm long waveguide

TD 2 FQ: An Integrated Traffic Scheduling and Shaping Scheme for DiffServ Networks

Abstract-The provision of Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of delay guarantee to real-time applications is a challenging issue in differentiated services (DiffServ) networks. There is a great demand to maintain individual flow’s traffic pattern when scheduling aggregated traffic. In this paper, we propose an integrated traffic scheduling and shaping scheme for DiffServ networks. The proposed scheme is called TD 2 FQ (Token-driven Delay-sensitive Dynamic Fair Queueing). There are two highlights in TD 2 FQ: a new scheduling mechanism ― Delaysensitive Dynamic Fair Queueing, and a new colored token approach. Besides the provision of guaranteed delay bound, TD 2 FQ can handle the aggregated traffic shaping and maintain the inter-flow fairness within each traffic class. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are also presented in this paper. Comparison results demonstrate the advantage of our approach. I

Designing 3D interconnected continuous nanoporous Co/CoO core-shell nanostructure electrodes for a high-performance pseudocapacitor

A high-performance supercapacitor electrode is designed and fabricated with the 3D interconnected continuous nanoporous Co/CoO core-shell hybrid nanostructure grown on nickel foam. The Co/CoO core-shell hybrid nanostructures are obtained via a hydrothermal method, followed by high-temperature annealing in hydrogen atmosphere, and finally placed in air at 50 °C for 1 h. The Co/CoO core-shell nanostructure assembled by a conductive metal-core and a CoO shell, brings low resistance, high specific capacitance of 5.632 F cm−2 and good capability stability (81.5% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles). An asymmetric supercapacitor device built by the Co/CoO (positive electrode) and activated carbon (negative electrode) can deliver a working voltage of 1.7 V and display a high energy density of 0.002 67 Wh cm−2 at a power density of 0.001 62 W cm−2, which is far superior to that of a supercapacitor at a similar power density

Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Tissue distribution and their expressions in response to high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets

In order to investigate the roles of adiponectin in glucose and lipid metabolism in common carp, the tissue distribution of adiponectin and its receptor genes in common carp were firstly detected in this study, and then the effects of high-carbohydrate (45%) and high-lipid (11%) diets on their expressions were studied in the feeding trial. The results showed that adipoqa and adipoqb mRNA levels were highest in the red muscle, followed by the heart and white muscle. Adiponectin receptor genes were widely expressed in all tested tissues. Two subtypes of adiponectin receptor 1 genes (adipor1a and adipor1b) were expressed at the highest level in the brain, while adipor2 mRNA was highly expressed in the heart and red muscle. The high-carbohydrate diet significantly up-regulated adipoqa and adipoqb mRNA level in the heart of common carp, while the high-lipid diet significantly promoted adipoqa mRNA expression in the red muscle and heart, compared to the control diet. For adiponectin receptor gene expression, a high-carbohydrate diet up-regulated adipor2 mRNA level in the hepatopancreas, while a high-lipid diet significantly promoted adipor1a, adipor1b and adipor2 mRNA expression in the red muscle and hepatopancreas. The results showed that both high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets could induce adiponectin genes expression in common carp, and AdipoRs expression was more likely to be increased by the high-lipid diet than the high-carbohydrate diet. This study suggested that adiponectin and its receptors were involved in the metabolic regulation of fish under high dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels