Box and Whisker Plots of HCV viral load distribution by related factors.

<p>(A) HCV viral load stratified by subtype 1b and 2a. (B) HCV viral load between ART naïve and ART treated subjects. (C) Distribution of HCV viral load by HIV viral load <1000 and >1000. (D) HCV viral load between CD4 counts <200 and CD4 counts >200.</p

Correlation of serum enzyme levels and HCV viral load.

<p>(A) Association of AST and HCV viral load in subjects infected with subtype 1b. (B) Association of ALT and HCV viral load in subjects infected with subtype 1b. (C) Association of AST and HCV viral load in subjects infected with subtype 2a. (D) Association of ALT and HCV viral load in subjects infected with subtype 2a.</p

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of potential factors associated with HCV subtype 1b infection, compared to those with HCV subtype 2a infection (n = 88).

#<p>some subject have not donated.</p><p>*AOR adjusted for gender and age group.</p

Socio demographic characteristics of HIV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected subjects in the study.

<p>Socio demographic characteristics of HIV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected subjects in the study.</p

Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region between mother and infant variants.

<p>(A) Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region for each transmission pair. The <i>P</i> value for each comparison between the mother and infant are shown. The horizontal bars indicate the mean value for each individual. (B) Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region of the aggregate sequences from mothers and infants. The <i>P</i> value for the comparison between the mother and infant is shown. The box and whiskers plot denotes the median, minimum and maximum values.</p

Comparison of Env V1-V5 length between mother and infant variants.

<p>(A) Comparison of Env V1-V5 length for each transmission pair. The <i>P</i> value for each comparison between the mother and infant are shown. The horizontal bars indicate the mean value for each individual. (B) Comparison of Env V1-V5 length of the aggregate sequences from mothers and infants. The <i>P</i> value for the comparison between the mother and infant is shown. The box and whiskers plot denotes the median, minimum and maximum values.</p

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree showing V1-V5 envelope gene sequences from all patients of the cohort with bootstrap values calculated from 1000 bootstrap replicates shown for each major branch.

<p>Each transmission pair is labeled with nucleotide sequences from mothers (green) and infants (blue). The tree was constructed using MEGA version 4.</p

Rooted maximum-likelihood trees illustrating the epidemiologic linkage between sequences from mother (green) and infant (blue) subjects within each transmission pair.

<p>The nucleotide sequences of <i>env</i> V1-V5 region from each pair were aligned with two unrelated outgroup HIV-1 subtype C sequences obtained from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. The branch containing unrelated outgroup sequences are not shown for space considerations. Only bootstrap support values greater than 75 are shown for the major nodes segregating mother and infant subjects.</p

Genetic variation between mother and infant in epidemiologically linked transmission pairs.

a<p>Maternal samples at delivery were defined as baseline and infant baseline samples were referred to the first postpartum HIV-1 PCR positive time point as indicated in months.</p>b<p>Standard deviations for genetic diversity are indicated.</p>c<p>dN/dS calculated after screening for recombination.</p><p>N/A means that this category is not applicable to maternal subjects.</p

Comparison of V1-V4 and V1-V2 domains between mother and infant in epidemiologically linked transmission pairs^*.

*<p>Median values for the length and the number of PNGS are shown.</p