Prospectus, January 18, 1982

521 MAKE HONORS; News In Brief; Scholarship Bank contributes information; Reagan declares January as Blood Donor Month; Flying may be easier to do; Discrimination is against law; Researcher writes chapter for Rubik; Register for telecourses; Willard adds new flights; Krannert offers art exhibit; Burnham hosts prenatal classes; PC clubs offer various activities; Generics save up to 40 per cent; Be safe when using space heaters; How to survive if stranded; Choose winter clothing for its safety, comfort; Fireplace heat need not go up in smoke; Will the college be open today?; Mercury drops to 23 below: 1982 opens with snow, ice and wind; Parkland College clubs return; Tickets available; State prisons studied; World living conditions generally improving; New crop computer aids Illinois farmers; Classifieds; WILL viewers give station strong support; Cobras start conference play; Ice Capades coming; Who won what?: Results of fall game tourneys; Chuck Foran wins last Fast Freddy; No more tomorrows for Tom Snyder\u27s show; New Orleans jazz coming to CU; \u27Not this August\u27 takes look at future; Classic features Thomas; Population moves from Midwest to South; Bicycle offers something for allhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1982/1032/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 21, 1982

JUDGE SEES IDEAL APPROACH TO PENAL SYSTEM; News Digest; Students voice their views of StuGo\u27s first forum; Opinions and Views: Dean against WPCD broadcast, People need right to protect selves, Prospectus survey shows students would like music, Why is your milk always sour?, Library has more users; P.C. Happenings...: Choral groups schedule performances, Workshop focuses on dual careers, Artist displays work, Psychiatrist to discuss depression, Program to discuss eye problems, Gallery features mixed media exhibit, Combo Audio to play on 27th, P.C. sponsors management workshop; President feels students favor WPCD broadcast; Foster discusses student placement; Meeting the man on the news; Activities office important factor in channeling PC student events; Two casts perform in \u27Angel Street\u27; Classifieds; Community Calendar; Album \u27grows on you\u27; \u27Deathtrap\u27 simply staged, delightfully done; Sports Update; Second baseman gives perceptions of baseball team\u27s performance; Forced vacation hurts team\u27s performancehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1982/1021/thumbnail.jp

Leucaena in Northern Australia: A Forage Tree Legume Success Story

Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is a long-lived, perennial forage tree legume of very high nutritive value for ruminant production. In northern Australia, leucaena is direct seeded into hedgerows 5-10m apart, with grass species such as buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) planted in the inter-row to form a highly productive and sustainable grass-legume pasture that cattle graze directly. It generally is grown on deep, fertile soils in sub-humid environments with average rainfall of 600-800mm/year. Steer gains of 275-300kg/head per year are achieved, with short-term daily gains over the main growing season \u3e 1kg/head. Being very deep-rooted, leucaena exploits moisture beyond the reach of grasses and remains productive well into the dry season. Once established, leucaena-grass pastures remain productive for \u3e 40 years

Prospectus, November 4, 1981

FARE INCREASE POSTPONED; News In Brief; P.C. to serve as Field Center; Reader likes book review; \u27Annie\u27 opening Nov. 6; Closer than you think: Draft reinstated?; \u27Ivesdale\u27 displayed in gallery; Writing classes offered for elderly; Residents join to provide funds; Tourneys turn out surprises this week; What in the world is it?; Ski club plans trip to Michigan; P.C. Happ\u27nin\u27s: International Fair November 11, Counseling meetings set, Equine Club invites members, Artist displays sculpture at PC, WPCD airs game, Marketing offered in Villa Grove, PACT meets, PACT offers CPR; Pet ailing? call Hotline; Classifieds; Larry Daniels thrills P.C. crowd; New York Dolls: big influence on rock\u27n\u27roll; King Crimson reforms; David Johansen\u27s latest reviewed; Volleyballers lose during conference play; 3 Cobras qualify for nationals; Sports News; Freddy breaks even; Fast Freddy Contest; Photo News; Halloween arrives at Parklandhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1006/thumbnail.jp

Breeding a Psyllid-Resistant Interspecific Hybrid \u3cem\u3eLeucaena\u3c/em\u3e for Beef Cattle Production in Northern Australia

Production of the valuable fodder tree legume Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is limited to the subhumid (600-800 mm annual rainfall) areas of northern Australia by the psyllid insect pest Heteropsylla cubana. Defoliation caused by severe psyllid infestations can suppress forage yields of commercial leucaena varieties by 50-80%. Susceptibility to psyllid damage is a major impediment to grazier adoption of leucaena pastures in the more humid tropical areas of Australia. A comprehensive international agronomic evaluation of the entire Leucaena genus (Mullen et al., 2003) revealed that the artificial interspecific F1 hybrid of L. pallida x L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata (called KX2) had a high degree of psyllid resistance, excellent vigour and broad environmental adaptation. The KX2 F1 hybrid also had superior forage quality compared to other psylli-resistant taxa, such as L. pallida, L. trichandra and L. diversifolia. Commercial utilization of the KX2 F1 hybrid by Australian graziers has been prevented by a lack of planting material. To date, seed production of the F1 hybrid has only been possible by laborious hand pollination. The KX2 F1 hybrid has been successfully vegetatively propagated for smallholders in SE Asia, however cloned cuttings are expensive to produce and are not suited to broad acre leucaena planting in Australia. A recurrent selection breeding program was initiated to produce a genetically stable, advanced generation KX2 hybrid that breeds true-to-type and is suitable for commercial release. We anticipate that 4 cycles of selection will be required to achieve this objective. This paper reports the agronomic evaluation of the KX2 F2 generation

Detection of Toxicity in Ruminants Consuming Leucaena (\u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e) Using a Urine Colorimetric Test

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), a productive leguminous shrub for feeding ruminant livestock, contains the toxic amino acid, mimosine which post- ingestion is converted to 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP, isomers of dihydroxy-pyridone. While DHP generally does not exhibit acute toxic symptoms, it has been suggested that it is an appetite suppressant that reduces animal live weight gain (Jones 1994). With no observable symptoms, subclinical toxicity is difficult to detect (Phaikaew et al. 2012). In 1982 the DHP-degrading rumen bacterium named Synergistes jonesii was introduced into Australia as a potential solution to DHP toxicity as it spreads easily throughout cattle herds grazing leucaena (Jones 1994). However, toxicity events reported since the 2003 drought suggest that the toxicity status of herds, previously understood as being protected, may have changed. This may be the result of loss of effective S. jonesii bacteria from the rumen. Widespread subclinical leucaena toxicity has since been confirmed representing a significant economic threat to the beef industry (Dalzell et al. 2012). At present the testing for toxicity requires a sophisticated chemical analysis of urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Producers, however, require a robust and reliable means to routinely test for toxicity in their herds. A colorimetric urine test protocol is available based on the colour reaction of mimosine and DHP with FeCl3 solution (Jones 1997). When this simpler colorimetric test has been used under a wide range of conditions false negatives have been reported. The aim of this study was to improve the reliability of the FeCL3 urine colour test

Rates of Urinary Toxin Excretion in Unprotected Steers Fed \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is a productive, nutritious, leguminous forage tree with high capacity for ruminant live weight gain. The plant does however contain the non-protein amino acid mimosine which is degraded within the rumen to 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4-DHP) with potential to cause adverse effects on animal health and production. Stock can be protected via rumen inoculation with the bacterium Synergistes jonesii, which is capable of degrading the toxin. However surveys have demonstrated sub-clinical toxicity is persisting in Queensland herds (Dalzell et al. 2012). Currently, testing for toxicity involves analysis of urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A colorimetric urine test protocol has also been developed with the aim of providing a robust and reliable means for routinely testing herds (Graham et al. 2013). A significant problem affecting interpretation of the results from either method is the high variation in the concentrations of toxins excreted among animals on similar diets and by individual animals over time (Dalzell et al. 2012). Factors such as feed intake, water consumption, urine volume, as well as timing of sampling may be the cause of this variation. This research investigated the effect of sample timing by measuring the time taken for mimosine and its breakdown products, to present in the urine following the introduction of leucaena to the ration of cattle naïve to the plant

Diurnal Urinary Excretion of DHP in Steers Fed \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) contains the toxin mimosine which is quickly degraded by rumen microorganisms to isomers of dihydroxypyridine (DHP). DHP is detrimental to animal production, causing reduced thyroid hormones, reduced weight gain, goiter and severe deficiencies in essential minerals (Tsai and Ling 1971; Hammond 1995). There are several methods of testing for exposure to DHP toxicity but the simplest is the colorimetric urine spot test (Graham et al. 2013). Several researchers have noted high variability in the excretion of DHP among animals on similar leucaena diets (Dalzell et al. 2012; Phaikaew et al. 2012) and even in the same animal over sequential samplings (O\u27Reagain and Shelton 2013). They noted that it was possible to obtain samples with very low DHP in unprotected animals on high leucaena diets, leading to the false conclusion that the animal was successfully degrading DHP in the rumen. This study examined the extent and possible causes of variation of DHP concentration in spot urine samples taken over a 6-week period, including an intensive sampling over a 24 hour period