Evaluation of treatment failure outcome and its predictors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Background: Picking up tuberculosis (TB) treatment failure cases and its determinants is urgently needed in resource-limited developing countries. This work shows incidence and probable leading factors of TB treatment failure among patients who were managed by a TB control program. Aim and objectives: This study aims to promote the TB control program at the ministry of health and population (MOHP) chest hospitals, Sharkia Governorate with the following objectives: (1) Determine the incidence of TB treatment failure. (2) Assess probable factors of TB treatment failure. Patients and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out at MOHP chest hospitals, Sharkia Governorate. The study sample included all registered TB patients (n =480) during the study period (2013–2014). There were 30 TB patients (Failed cases) with a positive sputum smear after 5 months of treatment (Group 1). Cured cases were 384 TB patients whose sputum smear was positive at the beginning of the treatment but became smear-negative at the end of treatment and on at least one previous occasion (Group 2). Both groups were compared to evaluate leading factors of treatment failure. Results: Of the 480 TB patients registered during the study period (2013–2014), the incidence of treatment failure was 6.25%. Treatment failure cases were significantly more likely to have: positive sputum smears at 2 months of TB treatment (p < 0.01), cavities on the baseline chest radiograph (P < 0.01), extensive disease on the baseline chest radiograph (P < 0.001). Also, retreatment case (P < 0.01) and CAT 11 treatment category were (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the treatment failure rate in our locality is relatively high. Positive sputum smear at 2 months of TB treatment, radiological findings and retreatment patients were found to be predictors of TB treatment failure that should be recognized early and closely followed up

Chemical and biological assessment of high value pharmaceutical raw material from Egyptian orange peel

404-412In Egypt, orange juice industries generate huge amount of waste peel that could be a source of raw materials with high value and economic return. Here, we explored a better model for waste management of citrus processing waste in Egypt by developing an ecofriendly method for preparation of value added materials. A high grade pectin (HGP) was obtained from the crude acidic water extract of the peel after passing through Diaion HP20 column. The HGP showed potent antidiabetic activity at lower dose than those reported in literature. It possessed significant effect on blood glucose (BG) level, as well as parameters relevant to liver and kidney functions in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, the essential oil (EO) prepared by cold press showed the highest yield (0.72% w/w) and it is the most applicable method of isolate orange oil on pilot scale. EO showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested food borne pathogens. In conclusion, high value materials — HGP and EO were prepared on pilot scale from the waste orange peel. While the HGP can be included in food supplement for diabetic patients, EO can be used as a natural food preservative

Chemical and biological assessment of high value pharmaceutical raw material from Egyptian orange peel

In Egypt, orange juice industries generate huge amount of waste peel that could be a source of raw materials with high value and economic return. Here, we explored a better model for waste management of citrus processing waste in Egypt by developing an ecofriendly method for preparation of value added materials. A high grade pectin (HGP) was obtained from the crude acidic water extract of the peel after passing through Diaion HP20 column. The HGP showed potent antidiabetic activity at lower dose than those reported in literature. It possessed significant effect on blood glucose (BG) level, as well as parameters relevant to liver and kidney functions in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, the essential oil (EO) prepared by cold press showed the highest yield (0.72% w/w) and it is the most applicable method of isolate orange oil on pilot scale. EO showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested food borne pathogens. In conclusion, high value materials — HGP and EO were prepared on pilot scale from the waste orange peel. While the HGP can be included in food supplement for diabetic patients, EO can be used as a natural food preservative