Cystic fibrosis in adults: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects* Sweat test

Abstract Once considered a childhood disease, cystic fibrosis is now also a disease of adults. Increased longevity has resulted in the aging of the cystic fibrosis population. The consequent age-related medical problems among adults with cystic fibrosis have increased medical care needs. These needs are being met by a growing number of nonpediatric pulmonologists and other nonpediatric specialists. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about diagnosis and treatment in adult cystic fibrosis. In most cases, the diagnosis is suggested by manifestations of chronic sinopulmonary disease and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The diagnosis is confirmed by a positive sweat test result. Adult patients may, however, present pancreatic sufficiency and atypical clinical features, sometimes in combination with normal or borderline sweat test results. In such cases, identifying cystic fibrosis mutations and measuring nasal potential difference can have diagnostic utility. The standard therapeutic approach to pulmonary disease includes the use of antibiotics, airway clearance, exercise, mucolytics, bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, anti-inflammatory agents and nutritional support. Appropriate application of these therapies results in most cystic fibrosis patients surviving into adulthood with an acceptable quality of life

Percepção da gravidade da doença em pacientes adultos com fibrose cística Perception of disease severity in adult patients with cystic fibrosis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepção da gravidade da doença em pacientes com fibrose cística (FC), investigando sua relação com escore clínico, escore radiológico, testes de função pulmonar, adesão ao tratamento e percepção de autocuidado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, envolvendo pacientes com FC atendidos em um programa para adultos com FC. A percepção da gravidade da doença, a adesão ao tratamento e o relato de autocuidado foram avaliados por questionários. Foram obtidos de todos os pacientes dados clínicos, escore clínico de Shwachman-Kulczycki, escore radiológico de Brasfield e espirometria. RESULTADOS: De 38 pacientes estudados, 3 (7,9%) relataram percepção de sua saúde como muito abaixo da média; 5 (13,2%), como abaixo da média; 15 (39,5%), como na média; 10 (26.3%), como acima da média; e 5 (13,2%), como muito acima da média. A percepção da gravidade da doença correlacionou-se significativamente com o escore clínico (r = 0,43, p = 0,007), CVF (r = 0,34, p = 0,034), VEF1 (r = 0,38, p = 0,019) e com relato de autocuidado (r = 0,33, p = 0,044), mas não com o grau de adesão (r = -0,03, p = 0,842) e escore radiológico (r = 0,33, p = 0,51). CONCLUSÕES: A percepção da gravidade da doença se relacionou com medidas objetivas de gravidade da doença (escore clínico e testes de função pulmonar) e com relato de autocuidado, mas não com a adesão ao tratamento.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), investigating its relationship with clinical score, radiographic score, respiratory function tests, adherence to treatment and perception of self-care practices. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional study involving CF patients treated in a program for adults with CF. The perception of disease severity, adherence to treatment and reported self-care practices were evaluated by means of questionnaires. Clinical data, Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score, Brasfield radiographic score and spirometry were obtained for all of the patients. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients studied, 3 (7.9%) patients rated their perception of health status as well below average; 5 (13.2%), as below average; 15 (39.5%), as average; 10 (26.3%), as above average; and 5 (13.2%), as well above average. The perception of disease severity correlated significantly with clinical score (r = 0.43, p = 0.007), FVC (r = 0.34, p = 0.034), FEV1 (r = 0.38, p = 0.019) and self-care practices (r = 0.33, p = 0.044), but not with degree of adherence (r = -0.03, p = 0.842) and radiographic score (r = 0.33, p = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS: The perception of disease severity correlated with objective measurements of disease severity (clinical score and respiratory function tests) and with reported self-care practices, but not with adherence to treatment