Emissions Reduction Resulting from Renewable Energy Projects in Jordan

This paper aims to present energy supply, demand and policy reforms, in Jordan, that had helped in transforming renewable energy schemes into bankable projects. The current study focuses on implemented and planned renewable projects and its investment as a case study aiming to identify impacts on economy and environment, with emphasis on the power sector. In order to attract private sector participation in the development of such projects, the government developed and enacted a new system of direct proposals as well as needed regulations. This resulted in the construction of more than 1000 MWe of renewable energy and awarding about 1500 MWe to be completed until end of 2024. According to the adopted methodology, in this study, the calculated avoided GHG emissions resulting from the completion of these projects, during the study period from 2016 and up to 2025, are significant. The net anticipated accumulated reduction of GHG emission over this period exceeded 16 million ton of CO2 eq. The solar PV sharing ratio being the highest, i.e. 45% of total accumulated reduction, followed by wind, about 24%, and direct applications of renewables by 28%. Such figure may increase in the future depending on the completed capacity and would touch 20 million ton by 2025, when all planned projects are completed. Keywords Solar, Wind, Biogas, Emissions, GHG, Power Generation, Water-Energy Nexus DOI: 10.7176/JETP/9-6-06 Publication date: August 31st 201

A Methodology to Measure СP / CV Ratio Using U-shape Acoustic Resonance Tube

The specific heat ratio of gases can be determined using several measuring instruments. Recently acoustic resonance instruments have shown great versatility and are used in various branches of industrial applications. This article proposes a simple measurement methodology to measure the specific heat ratio i.e., Сp / Cv using a free mode of acoustic resonance within a U-shape resonator. The specific heat ratio is calculated by measuring the speed of sound in a tube filled by the sample of the gas under test. For this purpose, the signal of standing wave is acquired using a sound card of Personal Computer. The received signal is rocessed by LabVIEW software. The experimental results show that the measured value of the specific heat ratio of several types of gases can be calculated using the proposed methodology and the relative error is about 2%

Economical and Reliable Expansion Alternative of Composite Power System under Restructuring

The paper intends to select the most economical and reliable expansion alternative of a composite power system to meet the expected future load growth. In order to reduce time computational quantity, a heuristic algorithm is adopted for composite power system reliability evaluation is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on Monte-Carlo simulation method. The reliability indices are estimated for system base case and for the case of adding peaking generation units. The least cost reserve margin for the addition of five 20MW generating units sequentially is determined. Using the proposed algorithm an increment comparison approach used to illustrate the effect of the added units on the interruption and on the annual net gain costs. A flow chart introduced to explain the basic methodology to have an adequate assessment of a power system using Monte Carlo Simulation. The IEEE RTS (24-bus, 38-line) and The Jordanian Electrical Power System (46-bus and 92-line) were examined to illustrate how to make decisions in power system planning and expansions

Experimental Investigation of Microcontroller-Based Acoustic Temperature Transducer Systems

Temperature transducers are commonly used to monitor process parameters that are controlled by various types of industrial controllers. The purpose of this study is to design and model a simple microcontroller-based acoustic temperature transducer based on the variations of resonance conditions in a cylindrical resonance tube. The transducer’s operation is based on the generation of an acoustic standing wave in the free resonance mode of generation within a cylindrical resonance tube which is converted into a train of pulses using Schmitt trigger circuit. The frequency of the generated standing wave (i.e., the train of pulses) is measured by the Arduino Uno microcontroller, where a digital pin is used to acquire pulses that are counted using a build-in software function in an Arduino IDE environment. Experimental results are performed for three sizes of diameters to investigate the effect of the diameter of resonance tube on the obtained results. The maximum nonlinearity error according to Full-Scale Deflection (FSD) is about 2.3 percent, and the relative error of the transducer is evaluated using experimental findings and the regression model. The circuit simplicity and design of the suggested transducer, as well as the linearity of its measurements, are notable