How Can the European Federation for Colposcopy Promote High Quality Colposcopy Throughout Europe?

Since its inception in 1998, the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) now comprises 26 member societies. Its principle aim is to promote high quality colposcopy throughout Europe with special emphasis on training, education and treatment. This review summarises EFC’s activities and achievements to date

Association study of CACNA1C polymorphisms with large artery atherosclerotic stroke in Chinese Han population

<p><b>Aims</b> Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common diseases of neurology and the main cause of death and disability in Chinese population. CACNA1C was considered to be involved in the process of atherosclerosis, but there was little information about the association between genotypic polymorphisms of CACNA1C and ischemic stroke. Our study was designed to elucidate the relationship between four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants in CACNA1C gene and the risk of large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke patients.</p> <p><b>Methods</b> A total of 384 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 192 LAA stroke cases and 192 healthy controls. And four SNPs variants in CNCNA1C gene were genotyped using in-house developed multiplex tagged-amplicon deep sequencing (TAm-Seq). Statistical analysis were conducted using <i>χ</i>2 test and binary logistic regression analysis.</p> <p><b>Results</b> We found one variant was significantly associated with LAA stroke in the allele models (rs10848683, <i>p</i> = 0.036, OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.021–1.841). And rs10848683 was also found to associate with LAA stroke under recessive model (<i>p</i> = 0.027, OR = 0.618, 95% CI: 0.403–0.947) after adjustment for gender and age. We also found that significant difference existed between haplotypes (rs229961-rs215976-rs216008-rs10848683) and LAA stroke (C-T-C-C, <i>p</i> = 0.017, OR = 2.265, 95%CI: 1.136–4.518; G-C-C-C, <i>p</i> = 0.046, OR = 1.891, 95% CI: 1.003–3.565; C-T-C-T, <i>p</i> = 0.001, OR = 0.256, 95%CI: 0.101–0.645).</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b> The results suggested that there was a potential association between CNCNA1C gene and the risk factor of LAA stroke in Chinese Han population.</p

Z-score based meta-analysis results for GWAS and replication studies for two leading SNPs on 5p15.33 and 12q13.13.

<p>Note: In each panel, markers (SNP) are given along with chromosomal (CHR) and base pair (BP) positions.</p><p>A1, minor allele. SE, standard error. Beta coefficients based on z-scores.</p><p><i>P</i>het: p-values for the heterogeneity test.</p

Regional plots of the two loci associated with telomere length.

<p>Results are shown for the 12q13.13 (a) and 5p15.33 (b) regions. Top, −log₁₀<i>P</i> values are shown for SNPs for the region 350 kb on either side of the marker SNPs. <i>P</i>_GWAS is for results obtained from the discovery stage and is shown for genotyped (circle). <i>P</i>_{GWAS-Rep1-Rep2} is for results obtained from the combination of the initial and replication study data (diamond). The marker SNP is shown in purple, and the <i>r</i>² values of the other SNPs are indicated by color. The genes within the relevant regions are annotated and shown as arrows.</p