Max-plus analysis on some binary particle systems

We concern with a special class of binary cellular automata, i.e., the so-called particle cellular automata (PCA) in the present paper. We first propose max-plus expressions to PCA of 4 neighbors. Then, by utilizing basic operations of the max-plus algebra and appropriate transformations, PCA4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 are solved exactly and their general solutions are found in terms of max-plus expressions. Finally, we analyze the asymptotic behaviors of general solutions and prove the fundamental diagrams exactly.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, submitted to J. Phys.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Perempuan Surabaya Mengenai Iklan Corporate Social Responsibility Revlon Kiss for Life Melalui Media Above Dan Below the Line

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan perempuan Surabaya mengenai iklan CSR Revlon Kiss for Life melalui media above dan below the line. Televisi, majalah, facebook, dan folder digunakan untuk mengkomunikasikan iklan Kiss for Life. Elemen iklan yaitu penggambaran visual turut berperan sebagai indikator untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pengetahuan perempuan Surabaya mengenai iklan CSR Revlon Kiss for Life melalui media above dan below the line tergolong sedang

“KNOWLEDGE CREATION” in the “Comprehensive Learning Period” : Possibilities and Challenges in Making Sports Culture Themes

本研究の目的は，総合的な学習の時間において知識創造することの重要性を示すと同時に，社会構成主義の知識観に立脚しスポーツ文化をテーマにすることの理論的可能性を検討することと，実践する際に生じうる課題について言及することである。その結果，総合的な学習の時間において児童生徒が新たな知識を創造することが学習観の転換につながり，「結果（内容）／過程」という二分法の議論を乗り越えられる可能性が示された。また，「ゆるスポーツ」や「スポーツ共創」といったスポーツを新たに創るという営みをテーマにした際に，それぞれのスポーツがどのような「コト」に挑戦するのかを明確にすることで，実感を伴った知識創造を生みだしやすいことが理論的に導かれた。ただし実際に実践する際には，教師が調べ学習のイメージを強く持っていることから，何をもって「知識創造」したと認識しうるのか，またその質のばらつきが学習成果に影響を及ぼすことが課題である

Discordant Immune Marker Expression Between Preoperatively Biopsied and Matched Surgically Resected Specimens in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-associated immune cell (TAIC) density can be the biomarkers of survival outcome and for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but whether single biopsy accurately reflects the values of these parameters in resected specimens is unclear. To clarify this, we evaluated the concordance of immune marker expression (PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68) between 39 paired biopsied and surgically resected specimens obtained from patients with OSCC at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital between July 2011 and January 2016. Immune marker expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 expression was consistent between the biopsied and surgically resected specimens in only 76.9% of cases. TAIC density was significantly lower in biopsied than in surgically resected specimens. There was considerable discordance in immune marker expression between biopsied and surgically resected specimens. We should take into consideration that PD-L1 positivity and TAIC density would be underestimated by single small biopsies compared to the estimations by surgically resected specimens

Memory-related gene expression profile of the male rat hippocampus induced by teeth extraction and occlusal support recovery

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the effect of memory-related genes on male rats tested for spatial memory with either molar teeth extraction or its restoration by occlusal support using experimental dentures. Design: Memory-related genes were detected from hippocampi of male Wistar rats (exposed to teeth extraction with or without dentures, or no extraction (control)) (7-week old) after behavioural testing (via the radial maze task) using a DNA microarray. The time course of the expression of these genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (on 49-week-old rats). Results: In preliminary experiments, to determine which memory genes are affected by spatial memory training, DNA microarray analysis revealed that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) and tenascin XA (Tnxa) were up-regulated and neuronatin (Nnat) and S100a9 were down-regulated after the maze training. The expression of Tnxa, Nnat and S100a9 of 49-week-old rats (during the time course) via quantitative real-time PCR was consistent with the results of microarrays of the preliminary experiment. Expression of Trh that was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR did not agree with the results for this gene from the microarray for all groups. Therefore, expression of Trh may have increased in only young, trained rats. The expression of S100a9 prior to the maze task was down-regulated in only the extraction group. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that Trh, Tnxa and Nnat genes were affected according to the degree of memory in male rats. This study also indicated that S100a9 is a memory-related gene, which is affected by the presence of occlusal support

Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 relieves fatigue and stress-related symptoms in male university Ekiden runners : A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

The heat-inactivated, enteric-colonizing Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) ameliorates psychological stress-related symptoms. In this study, we examined effects of CP2305 on top athletes experiencing physical and mental stresses. Forty-nine male university Ekiden (long distance relay race) runners daily took the CP2305-containing beverage for 12 weeks during training for and competing in All-Japan university championships. The CP2305 intake significantly facilitated recovery from fatigue and relieved anxiety and depressive mood, compared with placebo intake. The CP2305 intake significantly prevented the training-induced reduction of hemoglobin and facilitated exercise-induced increase in serum growth hormone levels. The CP2305 intake significantly increased the alpha- and beta-diversities of fecal microbiota, and the compositions of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium. Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes indicated that CP2305 prevented the stress-induced changes in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial functions. Our results suggest that daily intake of paraprobiotic CP2305 may be beneficial to athletes facing stressful situations

Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Stomach Resembling Early Gastric Cancer

Breast cancer metastases to the stomach are very rare. As characteristics of breast cancer metastases to the stomach, metastases of lobular carcinoma, mainly with signet ring cells, are frequently observed, and they are often difficult to distinguish from a primary gastric cancer with signet ring cells. Moreover, because no characteristic symptoms are shown and they involve a submucosal lesion, it is difficult to make a radiographic diagnosis. However, if a gastric lesion is observed after breast carcinoma surgery, differentiation between a gastric primary lesion and a metastatic lesion is very important in order to determine treatment. We encountered a case that was diagnosed as early gastric cancer discovered using an endoscope 2 years after surgery and which was found to be breast cancer metastasis to the stomach by gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP) and cytokeratin (CK) 7/20 immunostaining of the biopsy tissue. Here, we report our findings of this unique case

Pivotal role of Sirt6 in the crosstalk among ageing, metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. As ageing and obesity has a great impact on the initiation/severity of OA, herein we sought to investigate the involvement of Sirt6 in the crosstalk between ageing and metabolic syndrome/OA. Sirt6 haploinsufficiency in mice promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the IPFP. Enhanced inflammation of the IPFP in the aged Sirt6 ± HFD group was paralleled with accelerated OA change, including osteophyte growth and chondrocyte hypertrophy. Conversely, mesenchyme-specific Sirt6-deficient mice revealed both attenuated chondrocyte hypertrophy and proteoglycan synthesis, although chondrocyte senescence was enhanced as shown in the aged WT mice. Thus Sirt6 has key roles in the relationship among ageing, metabolic syndrome, and OA